Math 7 Edited

SET
• we use capital letters such as A, B, C, D, and E to

denote sets and lower case letters as a, b, c, d and e to
denote the elements of a set. It is also a common
practice to list the elements of set in braces { }, and
separate these elements by commas.
GRACEJANE.UGOY@DEPED.GOV.PH 1
STANDARD SETS OF
NUMBERS
1. N = Natural numbers
Set of all numbers starting from 1
Statement form
N= Set of all numbers 1, 2, 3, ……….
Roster form
N= {1, 2, 3,...}
Set builder form
N= {x | x is a counting number starting from 1} or {x x is a
counting number starting from 1}
STANDARD SETS OF
NUMBERS
2. W = Whole numbers
= Set containing zero and all-natural numbers → Statement form
= {0, 1, 2, 3, …….} → Roster form
= {x :x is a zero and all-natural numbers} → Set builder form
STANDARD SETS OF
NUMBERS
3. Z or I = Integers
Statement form
Z= Set containing negative of natural numbers, zero and the natural numbers
Roster form/notation
Z= {………, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …….}
Set builder form
Z= {x :x is a containing negative of natural numbers, zero and the natural numbers}
STANDARD SETS OF
NUMBERS
4. E= Even natural numbers.
Statement form
E= Set of natural numbers, which are divisible by 2
Roster form/notation or Listing Method

E= {2, 4, 6, 8, ……….}
Set builder form

STANDARD SETS OF
NUMBERS
5. O = Odd natural numbers.
Statement form
O= Set of natural numbers, which are not divisible by 2
Roster form
O= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ……….}
Set builder form
O= {x :x is a natural number, which are not divisible by 2}
SHORT QUIZ!!!
Is the set {0, 1, 2, 3, …….} denoted as

set N or set W?
Set W because it is a set of whole numbers.

N is natural numbers that starts at 1.
CARDINALITY OF SETS
The Cardinal Number of a set A, denoted by
n(A), is the number of elements in the set.
Thus, in A={a, e, i, o, u}, n(A)= 5 because set A
contains 5 elements.
EQUIVALENT AND EQUAL
SETS
Equivalent sets- are sets that contain exactly the
same number of elements.
Example:
 A={1, 2, 3, 4} , B= {m, a, t, h} – we say that set A is equivalent to
set B (A≈B). Both sets contain the same elements; hence, they are
equivalent.
 C={n, e, t}, D={o, n, e} – there are 3 elements in both sets, therefore
they are equivalent.
Two sets that contain exactly
EQUAL SETS the same elements.
Example:
1. A={t, e, n}, B={n, e, t}
2. N={1,2,3,4}, W={2, 4, 1, 3}
3. X={shoes, slipper, sandals},
H={sandals, shoes, slipper}
SUBSETS
SUBSETS
Is A a subset of B?
A = {1, 3, 4}
B = {1, 4, 3, 2}?
SUBSETS
Is A a subset of B? Is B a subset of A?
A be all multiples of 4
B be all multiples of 2
SUBSETS
A = {..., −8, −4, 0, 4, 8, ...}
B = {..., −8, −6, −4, −2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, ...}
SYMBOLS
A⊆B
A⊄B
PROPER SUBSETS
A is a proper subset of B if and only if
every element of A is also in B, and
there exists at least one element in B
that is not in A.
PROPER SUBSETS
Is {1, 2, 3} is a proper subset of
{1, 2, 3}?
PROPER SUBSETS
Is {1, 2, 3} is a proper subset of
{1, 2, 3, 4}?
SYMBOLS
A⊆B
A⊄B
A⊂B
EMPTY (NULL) SET
Is the empty
set a subset of
A?
EMPTY SET / NULL SET
{}
Ø
SHORT QUIZ!!!
Is B a proper subset of B?
No.
B is a subset of B, but it cannot be a proper subset of B since
all elements on itself is present and not 1 exist that is not an
element of itself.
UNIVERSA
L SET
A set which
contains all the
elements of other
given sets is called
a universal set. The
symbol for denoting
a universal set is U.
UNIVERSAL SET
A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {2, 3, 4}
C = {3, 5, 7}
COMPLEMENT OF A SET
In complement of a set if U be the universal set and A a
subset of U, then the complement of A is the set of all
elements of U which are not the elements of A.
Symbolically, we denote the complement of A with

respect to U as A’.
COMPLEMENT OF A SET
If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
A = {1, 3, 7} find A'.
CARDINAL NUMBER OF A SET
The number of distinct elements in a finite

set is called its cardinal number. It is
denoted as n(A) and read as ‘the number
of elements of the set’.
CARDINAL NUMBER OF A SET
A = {2, 4, 5, 9, 15}
B = {w, x, y, z}
C = {Florida, New York, California}
D = {3, 3, 5, 6, 7, 7, 9}
E={ }
SHORT QUIZ!!!
What is the cardinality for

the set B = {subscribe}?
n(B) = 7
S, u, b, c, r, i, e

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SET

• we use capital letters such as A, B, C, D, and E to

= Set containing zero and all-natural numbers → Statement form

= {0, 1, 2, 3, …….} → Roster form

= {x :x is a zero and all-natural numbers} → Set builder form

Roster form/notation or Listing Method

Set builder form

Is the set {0, 1, 2, 3, …….} denoted as

Set W because it is a set of whole numbers.

A = {..., −8, −4, 0, 4, 8, ...}

B = {..., −8, −6, −4, −2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, ...}

Symbolically, we denote the complement of A with

A = {1, 3, 7} find A'.

The number of distinct elements in a finite

What is the cardinality for

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