SETS

A set may be thought of as well-

defined collection of objects.
These objects are called elements
or members of the set.
set of silverware set of encyclopedia
set of counting integers set of integers
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
 Well-defined or
not?
a) the set of Covid-19 symptoms

b) the set of multiples of 8

c) the set of good students in your

class

d) the set of fast cars

e) the set of islands in the Philippines

Three ways in describing
sets:
Roster Notation or Listing Method

Verbal Description Method

Set Builder Notation

Roster Notation or Listing Method

- Describing a set by listing each element of the

set inside the symbol { }.

A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} B = {c, a, n, d} C = {moon}

Verbal Description Method
- Describing a set in words.
A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} B = {c, a, n, d} C = {moon}

*Set A is the set of first 5 even numbers.

*Set B is the set of letters in the word “Canada”
*Set C is the set of natural Earth satellite
Set Builder Notation
- Listing the rules that determine whether an
object is an element of the set.
A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} B = {c, a, n, d} C = {moon}

*A = {x∣x is an even number less than 12}

*B = {x∣x is a letter in the word “Canada”}
*C = {x∣x is a natural satellite of Earth}
Create:
a. a verbal description
b. a rule

for S = {2, 4, 6}
EQUIVALENT sets – two sets that contain exactly the same number of
elements .

EQUAL sets – two sets that contain exactly the same elements.
CARDINAL number – number of elements in the set.
SUBSET – Set A is a subset of set B, written A B, if and only if every
element in A is also in B.
EQUIVALENT sets – two sets that contain exactly
the same number of elements .

A = {1, 2, 3, 4} B = {m, a, t, h}
EQUAL sets – two sets that contain exactly
the same elements.

X = {a, e, i, o, u} Y = {o, e, a, i, u}
CARDINAL number – number of elements in
the set; for set A denoted by n(A).

A = {a, e, i, o, u} therefore n(A) = 5

SUBSET – Set A is a subset of set B, written A B, if and
only if every element in A is also in B.

B = {egg, hotdog, bacon, cheese, ham}

A = {hotdog, ham, cheese}
 OPERATIONS
ON SETS
INTERSECTION of sets – denoted by , is a set of elements that are
members of both A and B.

UNION of sets – denoted by , is the set of elements that are members of A,

or members of B, or members of both A and B.

DIFFERENCE of two sets – written as A – B, is a set of elements in A

that are not in B.

COMPLEMENT of a Set – written as A’ is the set of all elements in

the universal set (U) that are not in set A.
INTERSECTION of sets – denoted by , is a set of elements
that are members of both A and B.

A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} B = {2, 4, 6, 8}

therefore,
A B = {2, 4}
UNION of sets – denoted by , is the set of elements that are members of A,
or members of B, or members of both A and B.

X = {a, b, c, d, e} Y = {a, e, i, o, u}

therefore,
X Y = {a, b, c, d, e, i, o, u}
DIFFERENCE of two sets – written as A – B, is a set of elements in A
that are not in B.

A = {r, o, y, g, b, i, v} B = {r, y, b}

therefore,
A – B = {o, g, i, v}
B–A={}
COMPLEMENT of a Set – written as A’ is the set of all elements in
the universal set (U) that are not in set A.

U = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18} A = {6, 15, 18}

therefore,
A’ = {3, 9, 12}
GRACIAS!