UNIVERSITY OF CEBU

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

Teacher : John, what would you like to be

when you grow up?

John: Ma’am, I want to be happy!

Teacher: John, you don’t understand my

question.

John: Ma’am, you do not understand what life

is all about!
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY

LESSON 1:

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

“WONDER IS THE FEELING OF

PHILOSOPHER AND
PHILOSOPHY BEGINS IN
WONDER”
-SOCRATES-
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
WHAT IS IT AND WHERE DID IT ORIGINATE FROM?
PHILOS LOVE
SOPHIA WISDOM

“ANCIENT GREEKS”
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
“ANCIENT GREECE”
Uncovering truth through systematic
argumentation and theory

Reason rather than faith

Man as an individual
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
SOPHISTS
SOPHISTS
1. They were teachers who traveled throughout Greece and
taught people who wished to learn.
2. Learning styles: discussion and arguments
3. Excellent Public Speakers.
4. They trained their students to win each and every
argument they participated in.
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHOS(LOVERS OF WISDOM)

• They believed that teaching is more

than training people to win arguments.
• Arguments and discussions must be
based on sound reasoning.
• Man must continue to inquire and seek
PYTHAGORAS to understand and learn about the
human condition.
(one of the leaders)
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT

GREEK PHILOSOPHERS
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
THALES

- The ultimate composition of all things is water.

 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
ANAXIMANDER

- A student of Thales
- He views that all things are created and
emerged from an indefinite and boundless realm
called apeiron.
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
ANAXIMENES

- Associate of Anaximander
- He considered that air is the source of life
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
9 MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

PYTHAGORAS
- Mathematician and Scientist
- Pythagorean theorem
- devoted of religion and philosophy
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
9 MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

HERACLITUS
- LOGOS (Higher order plan)
- “No man ever steps on the same river twice”
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
9 MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

DEMOCRITUS
- Causes of natural phenomena
- “ATOMS”
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
9 MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

DIOGENES OF SINOPE
- An advocate of simple and virtuous life.
- Emphasis on austerity and simplicity.
- Cynicism and Stoicism
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
9 MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

EPICURUS
- “HAPPINESS”

- EPICUREANISM
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
9 MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

SOCRATES
- Made contributions to the field of ethics.

- SOCRATIC METHOD
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
9 MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

PLATO
- His teaching and writings were considered the
foundation of Western Philosophy.
- “Theory of Forms”
- Dialectic method of inquiry
- Academy
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
9 MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

ARISTOTLE
- Was involved in great variety of disciplines in
Zoology, Psychology, Ethics, and Politics.
- System, of classification of plants and animals.
- DEDUCTIVE REASONING
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
9 MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

ARCHIMEDES
- Considered as the leading
scientist of the ancient times.

- Modern Calculus
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

MODERN SCIENCE
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS RENE DESCARTES EDMUND HUSSERL
PETRARCH SOREN KIERKEGAARD MICHEL FOUCAULT
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS
ANCIENT ROME MEDIEVAL PERIOD
(1st Century BCE – 5th Century CE) (5th – 15th centuries)

STOICISM SCHOLASTICISM
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS
RENAISSANCE THE ENLIGHTENMENT
(14th – 17th centuries) (17th – 18th centuries)

HUMANISM RATIONALISM
EMPIRICISM
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
J. Alcantara, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines 6000

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS
MODERN PERIOD
(19th – 20th centuries)
EXISTENTIALISM PRAGMATISM
POSTMODERNISM, POST-
STRUCTURALISM
PHENOMENOLOGY ABSURDISM