CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH PROBLEM
AND HYPOTHESIS

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RESEARCH PROBLEM
Five factors to consider to find
out if a problem is researchable:

1. The problem is existing in

the locality or country but
no known solution to the
problem
RESEARCH PROBLEM……….Cont
.
2. The solution to the problem
can be answered using
statistical methods and
techniques
3. There are probable solutions
but not yet tested.
RESEARCH PROBLEM……….Cont
.
4. The occurrence of the pheno
mena requires scientific inves
tigation to arrive at precise s
olution
5. It is a serious need or
problem of the people that
demands research.
Example 1:
Effectiveness of Teaching
Mathematics and English as
Perceived by K to 12 Learners in
Public and Private Schools in
Iloilo City
1. What is the mean score of
Mathematics and English taken by K
to 12 learners in public and private
schools in Iloilo City?
2. Are the mean scores of Mathematics
and English taken by K to 12 learners i
n public and private schools in Iloilo Cit
y within the regional mean and
national mean?
3. Is teaching Mathematics and English as
perceived by K to 12 learners in public
and private schools in Iloilo City
effective?

4. Is there a significant difference on the

mean scores of Mathematics and
English taken by K to 12 learners in
public and private schools in Iloilo City?
5. Is there a significant difference on the
mean score of Mathematics taken by K
to 12 learners in public and private
schools in Iloilo City?
6. Is there a significant difference on the
mean scores of English taken by K to 1
2 learners in public and private schools
in Iloilo City?
Example 2:
Correlation Between Technology
Livelihood Education (TLE) Scores
and the Number of Hours of
Study in TLE Among Senior High
School Students in Public Schools
in Metro Manila
1. What is the correlation between the TLE
scores and the number of hours of
study in TLE among senior high school
students in public schools in Metro
Manila?
2. Is there a significant relationship
between Technology Livelihood
Education score and the number of
hours of study in TLE among senior
high school students in public schools
in Metro Manila?
Characteristics of a
Research Problem

S- Specific
M - Measurable
A- Achievable
R- Realistic
T- Time-bound
Sources of Research Problem
1. Specialization
2. Existing and past researches
3. Theses, dissertations and
research journals
4. Problems met
5. Creative ideas of the
researcher
Criteria of a Good
Research Problem
1. Interesting
2. Relevant to government’s
thrust
3. Relevant to the needs and
problems of the people
4. Innovative
Criteria of a Good
Research Problem……….Cont.
5. Cost-effective
6. Inventive
7. Return on investment
8. Original
9. Measurable
10. Time-bound
Hypothesis
 Defined as wise guess that is
formulated and temporarily
adopted to explain the
observed facts covered by the
study
Hypothesis
 Guides the researcher; tells the
researcher what to and how to
go about solving the research
problem
Types of Hypothesis
1. Null hypothesis (H0)
 Type of a denial of existence
of a trait, characteristic, quality,
value, correlation or difference of
the result
 Always stated in negative
form
Example 1:
Effectiveness of Teaching
Mathematics and English as
Perceived by K to 12 Learners in
Public and Private Schools in
Iloilo City
1. The mean score of Mathematics and
English taken by K to 12 learners in
public and private schools in Iloilo
City is zero?
2. The mean scores of Mathematics and
English taken by K to 12 learners in
public and private schools in Iloilo
City are below the regional mean and

below the national mean?

3. The teaching Mathematics and English
as perceived by K to 12 learners in
public and private schools in Iloilo
City is ineffective?
4. There is no significant difference on the
mean scores of Mathematics and
English taken by K to 12 learners in
public and private schools in Iloilo
City?
5. There is no significant difference on the
mean score of Mathematics taken by

K to 12 learners in public and private

schools in Iloilo City?
6. There a significant difference on the
mean scores of English taken by K to

12 learners in public and private

schools in Iloilo City?
Example 2:
Correlation Between Technology
Livelihood Education (TLE) Scores
and the Number of Hours of
Study in TLE Among Senior High
School Students in Public Schools
in Metro Manila
1. The correlation between the TLE scores
and the number of hours of study in

TLE of senior high school students in

public schools in Metro Manila is zero
2. There is no significant relationship
between Technology Livelihood
Education scores and the number of
hours of study in TLE of senior high
school students in public schools in
Metro Manila.
Types of Hypothesis……….Cont.
2. Alternative hypothesis (H1)
 Type of hypothesis which
affirms the existence of
observed phenomena and is
the opposite of the null
hypothesis because the former
is stated in positive form.
Theoretical and
Conceptual Framework

Theoretical Framework
 Shapes the justification of the
research problems in order to
provide the legal basis for
defining their parameters
Conceptual Framework
 Presents specific and
well-defined concepts, which are

called constructs.
 Derived from the abstract
concepts of the theoretical
framework
Assumptions
 Presumed as true statements of
facts related to the research
problem
 Not all studies have a section
on assumptions
Significance of the Study
 Can be presented using
inductive or deductive
perspective
Significance of the Study……….Cont
.
 Presents important
contributions of the results of
the study in relation to:
a) solving the problem and
need;
b) bridging a knowledge gap;
 Significance of the Study……….Cont
. c) improving social, economic
and health conditions of the pe
ople;
d) enriching research
instruments, methods and
strategies; and
e) supporting government
thrusts.
Scope and Limitations of the Stud
y
Coverage of the study, the
subjects, the research instrument or

research apparatus and equipment,

the research issues and concerns,
the duration of the study and the
constraints that have direct bearing

on the results of the study.

Definition of Terms
1. Conceptual definition – based on
concepts or is hypothetical; taken

from dictionaries, journals and

books.
2. Operational definition – based on
observable characteristics and how
it is used in the study.
End of Chapter 2