The following types of muscle tissue and nervous tissue are

covered in this activity:

1. Skeletal muscle (muscles attached to the skeleton)

2. Smooth muscle (muscles lining hollow organs)

3. Cardiac muscle (heart)

4. Nervous tissue (nervous system)

Various membranes are also covered:

1. Cutaneous membranes

2. Mucous membranes

3. Serous membranes (parietal and visceral layers)

a. Peritoneum – abdominal organs

b. Pericardium – heart

c. Pleura – lungs
 Figure 4.10a Muscle tissues.

(a) Skeletal muscle

Description: Long, cylindrical,
multinucleate cells; obvious
striations.
Striations

Function: Voluntary movement;

locomotion; manipulation of the
environment; facial expression; Nuclei
voluntary control.
Location: In skeletal muscles
attached to bones or
occasionally to skin. Part of
muscle
fiber (cell)

Photomicrograph: Skeletal muscle (approx. 460x).

Notice the obvious banding pattern and the
fact that these large cells are multinucleate.

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 Figure 4.10b Muscle tissues.

(b) Cardiac muscle

Description: Branching,
striated, generally uninucleate
cells that interdigitate at Striations
specialized junctions
(intercalated discs).

Intercalated
discs
Function: As it contracts, it
propels blood into the
circulation; involuntary control.
Location: The walls of the
heart. Nucleus

Photomicrograph: Cardiac muscle (500X);

notice the striations, branching of cells, and
the intercalated discs.

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 Figure 4.10c Muscle tissues.

(c) Smooth muscle

Description: Spindle-shaped
cells with central nuclei; no
striations; cells arranged
closely to form sheets.

Function: Propels substances Smooth

or objects (foodstuffs, urine, muscle
a baby) along internal passage- cell
ways; involuntary control.
Location: Mostly in the walls Nuclei
of hollow organs.

Photomicrograph: Sheet of smooth muscle (200x).

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 Figure 4.9 Nervous tissue.

Nervous tissue

Description: Neurons are

branching cells; cell processes
that may be quite long extend from
the nucleus-containing cell body;
also contributing to nervous tissue
are nonirritable supporting cells Nuclei of
supporting
(not illustrated).
cells
Neuron processes Cell body

Axon Dendrites
Cell body
of a neuron

Function: Transmit electrical

signals from sensory receptors
and to effectors (muscles and
glands) which control their activity. Neuron
processes
Location: Brain, spinal
cord, and nerves.

Photomicrograph: Neurons (350x)

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 Figure 4.11 Classes of membranes.

Mucosa of nasal
Cutaneous membrane cavity
(skin Mucosa of mouth

Esophagus lining

Mucosa of lung
(a) Cutaneous membrane (the bronchi
skin) covers the body surface.
(b) Mucous membranes line body
cavities open to the exterior.

Parietal Parietal pleura

peritoneum Visceral pleura
Visceral Visceral pericardium
peritoneum Parietal pericardium
(c) Serous membranes line body cavities
closed to the exterior.
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 Figure 4.11a Classes of membranes.

Cutaneous
membrane
(skin)

(a) Cutaneous membrane (the skin)

covers the body surface
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 Figure 4.11b Classes of membranes.

Mucosa of
nasal cavity
Mucosa of
mouth
Esophagus
lining

Mucosa of
lung bronchi

(b) Mucous membranes line body cavities

open to the exterior
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Figure 4.11c Classes of membranes.

Parietal Parietal
peritoneum pleura
Visceral Visceral
peritoneum pleura
Parietal Visceral
pericardium pericardium
(c) Serous membranes line body cavities
closed to the exterior
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 What kind of tissue does this represent?
Skeletal muscle

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

muscles attached to the skeleton
 What kind of tissue does this represent?
Smooth muscle

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

muscles lining hollow organs
 What kind of tissue does this represent?
Cardiac muscle

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

heart
 What kind of tissue does this represent?
Nervous tissue

Where in the body can you find this tissue?

nervous system
 Figure 4.11a Classes of membranes.

Cutaneous
membrane
(skin)

Membrane covers the body surface

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Figure 4.11b Classes of membranes.

Mucosa of
nasal cavity
Mucosa of
mouth
Esophagus
lining

Mucosa of
lung bronchi

Membranes line body cavities

open to the exterior
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Figure 4.11c Classes of membranes.

Parietal Parietal
peritoneum pleura
Visceral Visceral
peritoneum pleura
Parietal Visceral
pericardium pericardium
Membranes line body cavities
closed to the exterior
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.