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  • Differential Pulse Code Modulation

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    Kiran
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    DPCM is a method of encoding analog signals into digital signals by quantizing the difference between successive sample values rather than quantizing the samples directly. This takes advantage of the fact that sample differences are typically smaller than the sample values themselves, allowing for more efficient encoding using fewer bits while also reducing quantization noise compared to standard PCM. In DPCM, the difference between the current sample and the predicted value is quantized and transmitted rather than the original sample value. At the receiver, the signal is reconstructed by applying the quantized differences to past predicted values with a prediction filter.

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    DPCM is a method of encoding analog signals into digital signals by quantizing the difference between successive sample values rather than quantizing the samples directly. This takes advantage of the fact that sample differences are typically smaller than the sample values themselves, allowing for more efficient encoding using fewer bits while also reducing quantization noise compared to standard PCM. In DPCM, the difference between the current sample and the predicted value is quantized and transmitted rather than the original sample value. At the receiver, the signal is reconstructed by applying the quantized differences to past predicted values with a prediction filter.

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    29 views12 pages

    Differential Pulse Code Modulation

    Uploaded by

    Kiran
    DPCM is a method of encoding analog signals into digital signals by quantizing the difference between successive sample values rather than quantizing the samples directly. This takes advantage of the fact that sample differences are typically smaller than the sample values themselves, allowing for more efficient encoding using fewer bits while also reducing quantization noise compared to standard PCM. In DPCM, the difference between the current sample and the predicted value is quantized and transmitted rather than the original sample value. At the receiver, the signal is reconstructed by applying the quantized differences to past predicted values with a prediction filter.

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    Differential Pulse Code

    Modulation
    DPCM
    Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) is a procedure of
    converting an analog into a digital signal.

    DPCM is derivative of standard pulse code modulation.


    WHY WE NEED DPCM?
    It uses the fact that range of differences in amplitudes between
    successive samples of the audio waveform is less than the
    range of actual sample amplitudes.

    There is a lot of redundancy in the signal samples, the


    bandwidth and the dynamic range of a PCM system are wasted.
    Continued..
    A simple scheme where instead of transmitting the sample
    values, we transmit the difference between the successive
    sample values.

    Difference between the successive samples is generally


    much smaller than the sample values.
    :

    BLOCK DIAGRAM:
    AT TRANSMITTER END

    • If x(t) is the original signal sampled at Nyquist rate,the


    difference between current and previous sample is,
    d[k]=x[k]-x[k-1]
    • difference is then quantized and encoded
    AT RECEIVER END:
    The present sample value is regenerated by using past
    value plus the differential value that is received over
    the differential system.

    The present value can be estimated from past values


    by using a prediction filter.
    Continued…

    At receiver end, reverse of the transmitter process will


    occur after decoding.
    X^[k]=dq [k]+x^[k-1]
    DPCM SYSTEM:
    ADVANTAGES:
    Instead of quantizing the original signal, we are
    quantizing the differences, this will result in reducing
    quantization interval thus reduces quantization noise.

    With decrease in noise we can increase the SNR


    DISADVANTAGES:
    ERROR PROPAGATION:
    If an error is detected this error is added
    into all future samples as current detected sample
    depends on previous ones.
    DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PCM AND DPCM:
    PCM:
    original samples are quantized and encoded.
    DPCM:
    difference between present and previous samples
    is quantized and encoded.
    CONTINUED…
    S.N Parameter PCM DPCM
    1 Number of bits It can use 4,8 or 16 Bits can be more than 1 but
    bits/sample less than PCM
    2 Levels No. of levels depend Fixed number of levels are
    on number of bits used
    3 B.W of transmission Highest B.W is B.W is less than PCM
    channel required since bits
    are high
    4 feedback No feedback in Feedback exists
    transmitter or
    receiver
    5 Area of application Audio and video Speech and video
    telephony

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