Introduction to Ergonomics

Practicum - Session 1
ISYE6059 – Human Integrated Systems
Bridger, R. S. (2009).
Introduction to
Ergonomics. USA: CRC.
ERGONOMICS:
Ergonomics a scientific discipline, which is concerned with
improving the productivity, health, safety and comfort of people,
as well as promoting effective interaction among people,
technology and the environment in which both must operate

•Psychology
• Physic
• Anatomy
• Engineering
• Management
ERGONOMICS:
(Bridger, 2003)
Component of Works
System

The Ability of people to do their

job is influence by :
- Physical System Work Design
- Job Content
WORK SYSTEM
WORK SYSTEM: Complex Ergosystem

Vibrasi Heat
Hot / cold CO²
acceleration Noise
MAJOR GOAL OF ERGONOMIC WORKSYSTEM

To ensure increased safety

and usability of equipment
and removal of harmful
stressors
 HOW TO IMPROVE
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY
5 Important Factors to be 1. Design of System Component,
investigated INSTEAD of (example. Human-Machine
seeking Technical means & interface)
blaming accidents
2. State of the System leading up to the
incident (stable/unstable,
quiet/busy, etc)
3. Operator’s mental and physical
workload
4. Work Organization (Shift System &
time during shift, Supervision, work-
group design)
5. External Factor (eg. Weather)
The effectors: (hands, feet, and voice)
The Senses: made aware of our surrounding
 five senses (sight, hearing, touch, test and smell)

Supportive Prosesses:
1. Physiological Process
 provide energy to the working muscles
and dissipate waste product
2. Information-processing center
 brain

3. Motivation – is the force which directs

behaviour
The Controlled Process
basic operation of the machines on its local environment as controlled by
the human

Digging a vegetable garden

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Searching a database for an item of
information

Display
help people to understand about how to
control process in operating machine as tools
Controls: Work System

Component Machine
Workspace: 3 dimension that use for work

Physical Environment:
Physical environment at workplace that
influence working ability, motivation, and
health  noise, lighting, climate

Work Organization:
Whether a worker get their own space or
not

Is the workload fit with worker capacity?

Focus on Design and Evaluation of Work System and Product

Describe about how fit the

people with the whole system
There are Two Main Classes of tools in Ergonomics ;
- Ergonomics Checklist (Prof. E. Grandjean)
- Task Analysis
Ergonomics Checklist Task Analysis
- used for the preliminary investigation of - Before ergonomic principles can be
working conditions and is derived from applied to design of system,
variety of source : E. Granjean’s original understanding of the task is needed –
list : using Task Analysis
1.Job Analysis
2.Work Organization Outcome :
3.Workspace design -Description of the behaviours
4.Physical Demands required to carry out the task
5.Mental Demands -Description of the system states
6.Human Machine Interaction which occur when task is carried
7.Work Environment -Mapping of the task behaviours onto
8.Workforce characteristic the system states
9.Job Stress
10.Occupational Background
Based on Ergonomics Perspective
also will need understanding about :
- Importance of Productivity
- Method and Standard Scope
Theory : Class
- Human Body and Anthropometrics
and
- Manual Work Design
Practicum : Lab. Industrial
- Workplace, Equipment and Tool Design
Engineering
- Work Environment Design
- Cognitive Work
- Time Study and Work Sampling
- Working Hours and Eat Habits
- Occupational Stress