WALLs

PRESENTED BY:
MANOJ
KADER
VENGATESH
DEEKSHI
BRICK WALL
Brick Identification
The three faces of a brick are known as the header face, the
stretcher face and the frog.
SIZES OF BRICK
Nominal size :-A standard metric
brick has coordinating dimensions of
225 x 112.5 x 75 mm (9” x 4.5” x 3”)

Architectural size :- Working

dimensions (actual dimensions)of 215 x
102.5 x 65 mm (8.5” x 4” x 2.5”)

The standard dimensions for a brick are 215mm

x 102.5mm x 65mm.
BRICK TYPES
Common Bricks are of low quality and low compressive strength but are useful for
internal walls which will not be seen. They have no uniform colour, texture or
appearance.
Engineering Bricks are high in compressive strength and have low water absorption.
They are particularly suited to use below ground level and in areas with exposure to water.
Facing Bricks are of high quality and uniform appearance. They are generally used
externally in areas of “seen” brickwork.
Handmade Bricks are produced individually by an operative pressing clay into a
mould. This means that they are more time consuming and expensive to produce.
Imperial Bricks are made to the dimensions used prior to decimalisation. Although
larger and no longer used as standard, they are particularly useful for work that is to match
original brickwork in an older building.
Reclaimed bricks are bricks which have been removed from a demolished building to
be reused in a new project. Because it is usually older buildings which are demolished, the
majority of reclaimed bricks are imperial sizes.
Common bricks Handmade bricks

Engineering bricks Imperial bricks

Facing bricks
Reclaimed bricks
Types of Bricks
There are different types of brick used in the construction
of brick masonry which include:
1. Common Burnt Clay Bricks
2. Concrete Bricks
3. Sand Lime Bricks (Calcium Silicate Bricks)
4. Fly ash Clay Bricks
5. Engineering Bricks
6. Other Brick Types include bullnose, channel, coping, cownose and hollow
bricks.
Brick Textures
Bricks are available in a variety of textures, with each manufacturer
having particular styles. As well as variations in texture, each style of
brick can be ordered in a range of colours.
BEDS AND JOINTS
Every brick is separated by beds and joints of mortar. The horizontal sections of
mortar are called beds and the vertical sections joints. The purpose of the beds and
joints is to allow for slight variations in the dimensions of each brick and to
accommodate the slight structural movement a building is subjected to on a continual
basis.
MASONRY JOINT
 Weathered joint :-Mortar joint has sloped
(downwards) edge.
 Concave joint :-Joint concave inwards.
 Vee joint :-Mortar joint is the form of V.
 Flush joint :-Mortar joint is flush with the
brick surface.
 Raked joint :-A large portion of the mortar
joint is raked out not a safe ,impermeable
joint.
 Stripped joint :- A medium large portion of
the mortar joint is a safe permeable joint.
 Struck joint :-Mortar joint has aslope
(upwards) edge.
BRICK COURSES & CLOSURES
 QUEEN CLOSURE: A brick cut in half down
its length.
 KING CLOSURE : A brick cut a corner &
joining middle points of width and length
of the brick.
THREE QUARTER BAT : A brick cut to
three-quarters of its length, and laid with
its long, narrow side exposed.
HALF BAT: A brick cut in half across its
width and laid in the wall structure.
QUARTER BAT: A brick cut to a quarter of
its length.
ORIENTATION OF BRICKS
 STRETCHER: A brick laid with its
long narrow side exposed.
 HEADER: A brick laid flat with its
width at the face of the wall.
 SOLDIER: A brick laid vertically
with the long narrow side of the
brick exposed.
 SAILOR: A brick laid vertically
with the broad face of the brick
exposed.
CLASSIFICATION OF BRICKS
FIRST CLASS BRICKS :-
 This are table moulded.
 Surface & edges are sharp, square ,smooth , straight.
 Well brunt & have uniform texture ,metallic ringing when struck
against each other.
 Used for superior work.
SECOND CLASS BRICKS :-
 This are ground moulded brick.
 Surface are rough.
 The quality of this bricks are inferior.
THIRD CLASS BRICKS :-
 The surface & edges are rough.
 Does not create any metallic sound.
 Used for temporary & unimportant structure.
FOURTH CLASS BRICKS :-
 This bricks are over brunt.
 Irregular shape & dark colour.
 Used in floor , foundation, roads.
Types of Brick bonds in brick masonry
a) English bond

It consists of alternate courses of header and stretcher. Each header is

placed centralfy above each stretcher.

b) Flemish bond

Alternate bricks are placed as header and stretcher in

every course.

c) Stretcher bond

All bricks are laid with stretchers on the face of the wall.
d) Header bond

All bricks are laid with headers on the face of the wall.

e) Diagonal bond

Bricks are inclined at 45° in the same direction and the extreme
corners of the series remain in contact with the external line of
stretcher.

f) Herring-bone bond

Bricks are inclined at, 45° in opposite direction from the center
of the wall thickness.
Rat trap bond
A rat-trap bond is a type of wall brick masonry bond in which edge is
used to leading the brick, not in the center. (i.e. the height of each
course in case of a brick size 230x110x75 mm, this is 110 mm plus
mortar thickness) such that the shinner and rowlock are visible on
the face of masonry as shown in the figure.

Rat trap bond in brick

Fig. Rat trap bond in brick
This gives the wall an internal cavity which is the major reason that
makes it possible to considerably save the bricks, sand, and cement.
This cavity adds a Green building feature that helps to maintain
improved thermal comfort.

A serious care must be taken while designing the wall lengths and
heights for a structure. The openings and wall dimensions must
be in multiples of the module. Also, the course below sill and lintel
must be a solid course by placing bricks on edge and the masonry on
the sides of the openings should be solid as it will help in fixing of
the opening frame.
DEFECTS IN BRICK MASONRY
Sulphate attack :- Sulphate salts present in bricks work
react with alumina content of cement .It occur in boundary
walls.

Crystallization of salts from bricks :- Occur in masonry

made out of brick which contain excessive soluble salts.This
phenomenon is also known as efflorescence.

Corrosion of embedded iron or steel :- Iron or steel

embedded in brick work gets corroded in the presence of
dampness .On corrosion the metal expands in volume and
tends to crack the brick work.
 JOINT FINISHES
Weathered Struck
This finish is designed to shed water running down the wall and protect
the brickwork.
Recessed
The mortar is raked out, leaving the arrises of the brick exposed.
Flush
This finish is left flush with the face of the brickwork.
Bucket Handle
This finish is produced with a rounded jointer to leave a half round
concave mortar bed/joint.
Reverse Struck
This finish should be avoided as it exposes the top arris of each brick to
weathering.
MASONRY WALL
What are Masonry Walls?
Masonry walls are the most durable part of any building or
structure. Masonry is the word utilized for development with
mortar as a coupling material with singular units of blocks, stones,
marbles, rocks, solid squares, tiles, and so forth. Mortar is a blend
of restricting material with sand. Restricting materials can be
concrete, lime, soil, or any other constructing materials.

Professionals do the Masonry projects and the unit works for

various purposes. Some works for building constructions, some
makes barriers for boundaries to separate property line and some
make house wall for structural used.
What is Masonry ?  Masonry is the building of structures from
individual units laid in and bound together by mortar; the term
masonry can also refer to the units themselves.  The common
materials of masonry construction are brick, stone, marble,
granite, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block,
stucco, and tile. Masonry is generally a highly durable form of
construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the
mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units
are assembled can significantly affect the durability of the
overall masonry construction.
TYPES OF MASONRY WALLS
Based on load bearing
• Load bearing masonry walls.
• Non-load bearing masonry walls.
Based on construction
• Solid walls
• Veneered walls
• Reinforced walls
• Cavity walls
Load bearing masonry walls
 A load-bearing wall (or bearing wall)
is a wall that bears a load resting
upon it by conducting its weight to a
foundation structure.
 The materials most often used to
construct load-bearing walls in large
buildings are concrete, block, or
brick.
Non-Load Bearing Wall
 Walls that are only intended to
support themselves and the
weight of the cladding or
sheathings attached.
 Non load bearing walls provide
no structural support and may
be interior or exterior walls.