MEDICAL ELECTRONICS (Elective - I)

EC 010 606 L04 (Syllabus) 3 hours lecture and 1 hour tutorial per week
Module 1 (12 hrs)

Introduction to the physiology of:

 cardiac,
nervous & muscular and
respiratory systems.
Transducers and Electrodes:
Different types of transducers & their selection
for biomedical applications.
Electrode theory,
selection criteria of electrodes &
different types of electrodes
such as, Ag - Ag Cl, pH, etc.
The Respiratory System
Ref: 6Ch8/pg213
 The Respiratory System
Ref: 6Ch8/pg213

oThe respiratory system is

o the structure in the human body which

o allows us to breathe.

oBrings oxygen into our body and

o removes carbon dioxide out of our body. 

The respiratory system is made up of 5 main parts:

1. Nose

2. Mouth

3. Trachea (windpipe)

4. Lungs

5. Diaphragm
 Ref: 6Ch8/pg213 &

Structural Details: Ref: 2Ch1.2.2/pg7

Includes

o Nostrils- opening of nasal cavity

o Mouth- alternate vent

o Pharynx- muscular tube

o Larynx- vocal cords

o Trachea- wind pipe through which air passes

o Bronchus- tube like structure at the end of trachea

o Lungs- main organ, bag like structure

o Diaphragm- controls the inspiration and expiration

o by relaxation and contraction

 Structural Details:
Ref: 2,Ch1.2.2/Pg7

Approx: 20 times Per minutes

Right Superior Left Superior

Right Middle
Left Inferior
Alveolar chambers with
pores
Capillaries

Right Inferior
 Ref: 6Ch8/pg213

The Respiration Stages

oInspiration?
oExpiration?
oDiffusion?
 Ref:

Structural Details:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
ki/Respiratory_system
The Respiratory Tract
Ref: 6,Ch8/Pg.214
 The Respiratory System
Ref:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung

oThe lungs are made up of 3 main parts:

• Bronchus (right & left)

• passage of airway in the respiratory tract 
• that conducts air into the lungs

• Bronchioles
• passageways by which air passes through nose
to
• the air sacs of the lungs in which branches

• Alveoli
• exchange oxygen with red blood cells when
• the heart's SA and AV nodes send
• electric signals to the hearts ventricles
 Ref:

Structural Details:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
ki/Respiratory_system
Alveoli & Capillary Network
Ref: 6,Ch8.1/Pg.216
The Bell Jar Experiment
Ref:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/3/32/Bel
l_jar_lungs.png
Terms Related to Respiratory System Ref: 6,Ch8.2.1/Pg.219

• Tidal volume (TV)- volume of air inspired and expired

– during each normal breathe

• Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)- additional volume that

– can be inspired after a normal inspiration

• Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)- additional volume that

– can be expired after a normal expiration

• Residual volume (RV)-amount of air remaining in the lungs

– after all possible air has been forced out.

VC  (TV  IRV  ERV )
• Vital capacity (VC)-
Lung Volumes & Capacities
Ref: 6,Ch8.2.1/Pg.219