WHAT IS DIODE?

• A semiconductor device with two terminals typically allowing the flow

of current in one direction

WHAT IS A LED?

• A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light

source. It is a pn junction diode, which emits light when activated.

• When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to

recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the
form of photons.
What is an LED?

• Light-emitting diode
• Semiconductor
• Has polarity
ABOUT LEDS

• The most important part of a light emitting diode (LED) is the semiconductor

chip located in the center of the bulb as shown at the right. The chip has two

regions separated by a junction. The p region is dominated by positive electric

charges, and the n region is dominated by negative electric charges. The

junction acts as a barrier to the flow of electrons between the p and the n

regions.

• Only when sufficient voltage is applied to the semi-conductor chip, can the

current flow, and the electrons cross the junction into the p region.
LED: How It Works
• When current flows
across a diode

• Negative electrons move one way and

positive holes move the other way
LED: How It Works
• The wholes exist at a
lower energy level than
the free electrons

• Therefore when a free electrons falls it

losses energy
LED: HOW IT WORKS

• This energy is emitted in

a form of a photon,
which causes light

• The color of the light is determined by

the fall of the electron and hence energy
level of the photon
 Inside a Light Emitting Diode

 
1. Transparent Plastic
Case
2. Terminal Pins
3. Diode

                                                                 

                                                                                           
                                                                          
Kinds of LEDs
APPLICATIONS

• Sensor Applications

• Mobile Applications

• Sign Applications

• LED Signals

• Illuminations

• Indicators
ADVANTAGES
• Energy efficient(producemore light per watt)
• Long lifetime(60,000 Hours or more)
• Light in Weight
• No warm-up period(achieve full bright light in nanoseconds)
• Not effected by cold temperature(used in sub zero weather)
• Directional(direct the light where you want)
• Fast operating device
• Environment Friendly(contains no mercury)
• Controllable(brightness and colour can be controlled)
• Can sustain over frequent on-off cycle
DISADVANTAGES

• Very expensive than other lighting technologies

• Requires accurate voltage & constant current flow

• Can shift colour due to age & temperature

• Cannot be used in high temperature(Lead to device

failure)