F D O D @ D G ZULISLZ M D I O A I S K Z O K S K @ D F D ] D I ZD SLKI

Mlsusui [ i t u o F k fk i u g l ]ubds Fdtd Ou`ldg Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki mdi Oksk`dfdtdi

Okrhd Md`df Okpkrdwdtdi

Maski Z k f e l f e l i b 8 Fdrmldtui, F. O k p

Mlsusui A`kg O k ` a f p a o 4 8

4. Lmd D yu Druimltd U d i l Zutrl

5. I a v l t d Sdrl
3. Iurgdsdidg
=. ^ k i m l Ulswdimd

O K F K I ] K U L D I O K S K G D ] D I UKZ[E@LO LIMAIKSLD
ZA@L]KOILO O K S K G D ] D I O K F K I O K S F D ] D U D F
H[U[SDI OKZKUDRD]DI

Z U A B U D F S ] [ M L ZKIMLMLODI ZUANKSL I K U S O K Z K U D R D ] D I
FD]DUDF
5:5:
 OD]D ZKIBDI]DU 

Skbd`d puhl edbl ] u g d i \ d i b F d g d Ksd ydib tk`dg fk f e k r l o d i pktuihuo skrtd

diubrdg-Iyd okpdmd o d fl skglibbd mdpdt fk i y k ` k s d l o d i Fdod`dg Zrlisl p mdi
O a i s k p Oksk`dfdtdi Zd sl k i l i l tkpdt pdmd wdotuiyd. ]uhudi mdrl p k i y u s u i d i
fdod`dg l i l uituo fk fk i u g l tubds F d t d Ou`ldg Oksk`dfdtdi Zd sl k i mdi
Oksk`dfdtdi Okrhd md`df Okpkrdwdtdi. Fdod`dg l i l ekrlsl tkitdib dpd sdhd prlislp
mdi edbdlfdid oaiskp oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ml U u f d g Sdolt.
Md`df pkiyusuidi fdod`dg lil, o d fl fk f p k r a ` k g ediydo
editudi mdrl
 ekredbdl plgdo. A`kg odrkid ltu o d fl fk i b u c d p o d i tkrlfdodslg ydib
skeksdr-

 eksdriyd okpdmd ekredbdl plgdo ydib tk`dg fk f e k r l o d i e l f e l i b d i skrtd drdgdi

sk`dfd fdod`dg l i l , mlditdrdiyd 8
4. Leu Fdrmldtui, F. O k p , sk`dou p k f e l f e l i b dodmkflo y d i b tk`dg fk f e k r l o d i

  e l f e l i b d i mdi pkibdrdgdi, oarkosl skrtd sdrdi skglibbd fdod`dg prlislp mdi

oaiskp oksk`dfdtdi pdslki l i l mdpdt tkrsk`ksdlodi.
5. ] kf di - tkf di ok`af pao y di b tkr`dg sdf d-sdf d e kokrhd okrds
md`df fk i y k ` ks d l o di fdod`dg l i l .
Doglriyd o d fl fk iydmdrl edgwd ediydo tkrmdpdt okourdibdi-okourdibdi
md`df pkiu`lsdi fdod`dg l i l , fd o d mdrl ltu o d fl fk ibgdrdpodi orltlo mdi
sdrdi ydib oaistruotln mdi pdrd pkfedcd mkfl oks kf pur i dd i `dpardi l i l .

F d t d r d f,
Dbustus 5 : 5 :

Zkiyusui
Ok ` af p a o 4
 MDN]DU LSL
CA^KU.................................................................................................................l
O D ] D ZKIBDI]DU...........................................................................................ll
M D N ] D U LSL.........................................................................................................lll
E D E L ZKIMDG[@[DI.....................................................................................4
D. @dtdr Ek`dodib..........................................................................................4
E . U u f u s d i Fdsd`dg.....................................................................................4
C . ]uhudi........................................................................................................5
E D E LL ZKFEDGDSDI.......................................................................................;
D. Zkibkrtldi Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki.................................................................;
E . ]uhudi S l s t k f Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki...........................................................>
C . Zrlislp-Zrlislp Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki..........................................................2
M. Lsu, k ` k fk i , mdi dodr Zkiykede Oksd`dgdi...............................................2
K. Stdimdr Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki......................................................................<
N. ]uhug @dibodg F k i u h u Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki............................................45
B . Sdsdrdi Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki.....................................................................4;

G . S k f e l ` d i Sa`usl @lnk-Sdvlib. ....................................................................47
L. Dspko G u o u f tkrgdmdp Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki............................................54
E D E LLL ZKI[][Z...............................................................................................5=
D. Okslfpu`di................................................................................................5=
E . Sdrdi..........................................................................................................5;
M D N ] D U Z[S]DOD............................................................................................5>
 EDE L
ZKI MDG [ @[ DI

D. @dtdr Ek`dodib

Oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ( pdtlkit sdnkty) fk rupdodi sudtu vdrldek` uituo fkibuour mdi

fk ibkvd`udsl oud`ltds pk`dydidi ml r u fd g sdolt. Skhdo fd`prdotlo 
fk i b b k f d ml sk`urug ek`dgdi e u fl fk ` d ` ul ekredbdl fk mld edlo cktdo
fd upui k`kotrailo glibbd ok hurid`-hurid` l ` fl d g t k r i d fd , muild okskgdtdi
fu`dl fk i d r u g okpkmu`ldi ydi b tlibbl tkrgdmdp lssuk oksk`dfdtdi pdslki.
Zra b rd f
oksk`dfdtdi pdslki dmd`dg sudtu usdgd uituo fk i u r u i o d i dibod Okhdmldi ]
m
l doM
  gldrdpodi ( O ] M ) y d i b s k rl i b tkrhdml pdslki s k ` d fd mlrdwdt ml r u f d g sdolt
skglibbd sdibdt fk r u b l o d i edlo pdslki ltu skimlrl f d u p u i plgdo r u f d g sdolt
( I u rs d ` d f, 5:44).
 Zdtlkit sdnkty ml r u f d g sdolt fk ru p do d i sudtu okeutugdi.  Zdtlkit sdnkty sddt
l i l tk`dg fk ihdml lsu yd i b mlpkrelicdibodi ml ekredbdl ikbdrd. Lsu l i l
 ekrokfedib odrkid f d s l g ediydoiyd Okhdmldi ]lmdo Mlgdrdpodi ( O]M ) mdi
Okhdmldi I y d r l s Ckmkrd ( O I C ) ydi b f d s l g skrlib tkrhdml ml r u fd g sdolt.
Zk ik ` lt ld i ydi b ml`douodi a`kg L A F (Listltutk an F k m l c l i k ) pdmd tdgui 4<<<
yd ib ml`douodi ml R d s g l i b t a i MC, ml`dparodi edgwd skediydo = = . : : : s d f pd l
mkibdi < 7 . : : : ardib fk i l i b b d ` sktldp tdguiiyd ml r u fd g sdolt odrkid oksd`dgdi
fk mls (Listltutk an fk mlclik, 5 : : 4 ) .

Oksd`dgdi fk mls tkrfdsuo md`df odtkbarl ok mk`dpdi skedbdl pkiykede

o k fd t l d i utdfd ml D fk r l o d mdi `kelg tlibbl mledimlibodi fdsd`dg okck`doddi,
ydltu skeksdr =3,=%. Skoltdr 2 : : : ardib mlpkrolrdodi fk i l i b b d ` sktldp
tdguiiyd
5 odrkid oksd`dgdi fk ml s mdi skoltdr 4 > % `kelg mdrl huf`dg tkrskeut doledt
okck`doddi okrhd. Ml Limaiksld skimlrl oksd`dgdi praskmur r u f d g sdolt skrlib
mlskeut skedbdl fd`prdotlo. Okhdmldi ml Hdwd mkibdi huf`dg pkimumuo 445 hutd
ardib, skediydo =.;==.244 ardib (4>,>%) pkimumuo ydi b fk i b d ` d fl okhdmldi
fk r u b l o d i , 5.7=2.577 ardib mdpdt mlckbdg, 3 3 2 . : : : ardib cdcdt p k r f d i k i , mdi
4 5 4 . : : : ardib fk i b d ` d fl okfdtldi. Zrkvd`kisl okhdmldi fk mld ydib fk r u b l o d i
4
 pdslki ml Hdwd ] k i b d g mdi ML\ dmd`dg skeksdr 4,7%-77,<% (Suidrya, 5 : : < ) .

Oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ml r u fd g sdolt (Gaspltd` Zdtlkit sdnkty) fk rupdodi sudtu

s l s t k f pk`dydidi r u f d g sdolt yd i b fk f e k r l o d i dsugdi dbdr pdslki fk ihdml
`kelg d f d i . ] k r fd s u o ml md`dfi yd dmd`dg fk i b u o u r rlsloa, lmkitlnlodsl, mdi

 pkibk`a`ddi rlsloa tkrgdmdp pdslki, pk`dpardi, mdi did`lsls lislmki, o k f d f p u d i

uituo ek`dhdr mdi fk ilimdo`dihutl lislmki skrtd fk rup dod i sa`usl uituo 
fk i c k b d g , fk i b u r d i b l , skrtd fk fl i l f d ` o d i rlsloa. Okhdmldi rlsloa ydib
fk ib do le d to di pdslki tlmdo d f d i (pdtlkit i a t sdnkty) tkrskeut skedbldi eksdr fdslg
mdpdt mlckbdg (prkvkitde`k dmvkrsk kvkit) ml fl i l fd ` l s d s l mkibdi ekekrdpd cdrd,
ditdrd ` dl i pktubds pk`dydidi okskgdtdi sk`d`u fk i l i b o d t o d i o a f p k t k i s l
fk ` do u od i okwdspdmddi mlil fk ` d` u l lmkitlnlodsl ydi b tkpdt, skrtd o a f u i l o d s l
dotln mkibdi pdslki (Rlmdydt, 5 : : < ) . Zkiyk`kibbdrddi pdtlkit sdnkty fk rupdodi
gd` yd i b f u t ` d o gdrus ml`douodi a`kg r u f d g sdolt mkibdi mlmdsdrl ekekrdpd
`dimdsdi g u o u f mlditdrdiyd dmd`dg [ [ I a . 7 tdgui 4<<< tkitdib pkr`limuibdi
o a i s u fk i , [ [ I a . 3 > tdgui 5 : : < t k i td i b okskgdtdi, [ [ I a . = = tdgui 5 : : <
tkitdib r u f d g sdolt, O K Z F K I O K S I a.4 3 3 /FKI OKS/SO/W LL/4< < < tkitdib 3
stdi mdr pk`dydi di ruf dg sdolt. S krtd
Z K UF K I O K S
 Ia. 4>< 4/FKIOKS/ZKU/^ LLL/5 : 4 4 tkitdib oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ml r u fd g sdolt.
  Mkpoks fk `dparodi sktldp tkidbd okskgdtdi ml U u f d g Sdolt tkrfdsuo mlmd`dfiyd
pkrdwdt wdhle fk i k r d p o d i oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ( Zdtlkit sdnkty) u i t u o   fk i c k bd g
lislmki oksk`dfdtdi pdslki. Halit C a ffl s s l a i Litkridtlaid` (HCL) &

Ra`rm Gkd`tg Arbdiltdtlai ( R G A ) fk ` dp arod i ekekrdpd ikbdrd tkrmdpdt

2:% okhdmldi oksd`dgdi pkibaedtdi. HCL & RGA fk `dparodi odsus
skediydo 
5 ; . : : : - 3 : . : : : okcdcdtdi yd i b p k r f d i k i pdmd pdslki ml Dustrd`ld 4 4 %
mlskedeodi odrkid okbdbd`di o afu il o dsl . R G A fk i y ke u t o d i p k fe k r l d i
lihkosl ydi b tlmdo d f d i ydltu p k fe k r l d i lihkosl tdipd d`dt yd i b stkrl`,
ekroaitrleusl
=:%ml sk`urug muild, mlprkmloslodi 4 , ; hutd o k fd t l d i ml [ S D sktldp tdgui
mlskedeodipkfekrldi lihkosl ydi b tlmdo d f d i dtdu lislmki oksk`dfdtdi pdslki
(LOZ). Mkpoks fk ` d paro di lislmki oksk`dfdtdi pdslki pd`lib ediydo tkrhdml ml
5
Limaiksld dmd`dg oksd`dgdi p k fe k r l d i aedt.
 Oksd`dgdi p k fe k r l d i aedt mdpdt tkrhdml hlod pktubds okskgdtdi
tkrfdsuopkrdwdt tlmdo fk i k r d p o d i prlislp ekidr md`df p k fe k r l d i aedt.
Z k f e k r l d i aedt dmd prlislp 4 : ekidr ydltu aedt, masls, pdslki, rutk, wdotu,
linarfdsl, odmd`udrsd, pkibodhldi, kvd`udsl mdi maoufk itdsl. Ed i yd o ndotar 

ydib fk f p k i b d r u g l pkrl`dou skskardib md`df fk i k r d p o d i prlislp ekidr l i l

uituo fk i l i b o d t o d i oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ( ] d f e d y a i b , 5 : : ; ) . Zk`dosdiddi
 pdtlkit sdnkty fkihdml sudtu s l s t k f ydib gdrus dmd ml s k f u d r u fd g sdolt ml
muild
 ekbltu hubd ml Limaiksld. Gd` l i l fk rupdodi edbldi mdrl stdimdr dorkmltdsl r u fd g
sdolt 5:45 ydib tkrmlrl mdrl k fp dt ok`afpao, ydltu = stdimdr pk`dydidi ekrnaous
 pdmd pdslki, stdimdr f d i d h k fk i r u fd g sdolt, sdsdrdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ml
r u fd g sdolt, skrtd sdsdrdi F l ` k i l u f M k v k` apfk i t Bad`s. Oksk` dfdtdi pdslki
md`df stdimdr dorkmltdsl r u f d g sdolt tkrmlrl mdrl stdimdr oksk`dfdtdi pdslki
r u f d g sdolt, tuhug `dibodg oksk`dfdtdi pdslki r u fd g sdolt, skrtd sdsdrdi
oksk`dfdtdi pdslki r u f d g sdolt.Dmdkidf sdsdrdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki, sd`dg
sdtuiyd mdi ydi b fk ihdml sdsdrdi utdfd dmd`dg oktkpdtdi lmkitlnlodsl pdslki
(Sutata, 5:45).

Fk`lgdt `kibodpiyd urutdi fk o d i l s fk Oksk`dfdtdi Zds lk i md`df ZFO tkrskeut,

fdod, hlod mltkrdpodi a`kg f d i d h k fk i r u fd g sdolt, mlgdrdpodi olikrhd
 pk`dydidi o`lils r u fd g sdolt mdpdt fk i l i b o d t skrtd gd`-gd` ydib fk r u b l o d i

 pdslki (fk mlcd` krrar, i u rs l i b krrar, mdi ` dl iiyd) mdpdt mlourdibl s k fd o s l fd `

fuiboli.
F k i b l i b d t ektdpd p k i t l i b i y d gd` tkrskeut, f d o d sdibdt`dg p k i t l i b edbl oltd
skedbdl skardib pkrdwdt fk f d g d fl tkitdib oaiskp pdtlkit sdnkty, skglibbd pdmd
sddt fk ` d o uo d i dsugdi okpkrdwdtdi f u ` d l mdrl pkibodhldi, pkiktdpdi mldbiask
okpkrdwdtdi, litkrvkisl, fk `douodi tlimdodi skrtd kvd`udsl tlmdo tkrhdml fkmlcd` krrar.
F d o d mdrl ltu md`df fdod`dg l i l , o k ` af pa o dodi fk f e d g d s fk i b k i d l
 prlislp mdi oaiskp oksk`dfdtdi pdslki, mdi sk fab d elsd uituo mlpdgdfl
 ekrsdfd.

3
E. U u f u s d i Fdsd`dg
4. Dpdodg mknlilsl mdrl oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ( pdslki sdnkty)1
5. Dpd sdhd tuhudi mdrl oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ( pdslki sdnkty)1
3. Dpd sdhd prlislp-prlislp md`df oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ( pdslki sdnkty)1

=. Dpd sdhd lsu, k ` k fk i , mdi dodr pkiykede oksd`dgdi yd i b pd`lib u f u f

md`df Zdtlkit sdnkty 1
;. Dpd sdhd stdimdr oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ( pdslki sdnkty)1
>. Dpd sdhd 2 `dibodg md`df oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ( pdslki sdnkty)1
2. Dpd sdhd sdsdrdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ( pdslki sdnkty)1
7. Dpd sdhd S k f e l ` d i sa`usl @lnk-Sdvlib pdslki ml r u fd g sdolt1
<. Dpd sdhd dspko `kbd` g u o u f pdmd pdtlkit sdnkty1
F. ] u h u d i F d o d ` d g
Mlgdrdpodi fdgdslswd mdpdt fk f d g d fl 8
4. Mknlilsl oksk`dfdtdi pdtlkit sdnkty
5. ]uhudi mdrl pdtlkit sdnkty
3. Zrlislp –prlislp md`df oksk`dfdtdi pdslki
=. Lsu, k ` k fk i , mdi dodr pkiykede oksd`dgdi yd ib pd`lib u f u f md`df pdtlkit 
 sdnkty
; . Stdimdr oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ( pdtlkit sdnkty)
>. 2 `dibodg md`df oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ( pdtlkit sdnkty)
2. Sdsdrdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ( pdtlkit sdnkty)

7. S k f e l ` d i sa`usl @lnk-Sdvlib pdslki ml r u fd g sdolt
<. Dspko `kbd` guouf pdtlkit sdnkty

=
 E D E LL
ZKFEDGDSDI

D. Z k ib kr t ldi   Zd t lk i t sdnkty

F k i u r u t Supdrl ( 5 : : ; ) , pdtlkit sdnkty dmd`dg ekeds mdrl clmkrd

doslmkitd` dtdu fk i b g l i m d ro d i clmkrd pdmd pdslki doledt pkrdwdtdi fk mls mdi
oksd`dgdi pkibaedtdi. Oksk`dfdtdi pdslki r u fd g sdolt dmd`dg sudtu
s l s t k f ydib mltkrdpodi uituo fk i c k b d g tkrhdmliyd ckmkrd doledt pkrdwdtdi
fk mls mdi oksd`dgdi pkibaedtdi fk ` d ` ul sudtu s l s t k f d s s k s fk i t rksloa,
lmkitlnlodsl mdi
 pkibk`a`ddi ndotar rlsloa, pk`dpardi mdi did`lsls lislmki, o k f d f p u d i ek`dhdr mdi
tlimdo `dihut mdrl lislmkit skrtd l f p ` k fk i t d s l sa`usl uituo fk fl i l f d ` o d i
t l fe u ` i yd rlsloa (Mkp Oks UL, 5 : : > ) . Oksk`dfdtdi pdslki fk r upd od i sudtu
s l s t k f uituo fk i c k b d g tkrhdmliyd ckmkrd ydib mlskedeodi a`kg oksd`dgdi doledt
fk ` do sdi d odi sudtu tlimdodi dtdu tlmdo fk i b d f e l ` tlimdodi ydi b skgdrusiyd
mldfel` ( ] O Z U S U S [ Z Sdib`dg Mkipdsdr, 5:44).
 Zdtlkit sdnkty (oksk`dfdtdi pdslki) r u fd g sdolt dmd`dg sudtu s l s t k f
m l fd i d r u f d g sdolt fk f e u d t dsugdi pdslki `kelg d f d i . Gd` l i l t krfdsuo 8
d s s k s fk i t rksloa, lmkitlnlodsl mdi pkibk`a`ddi gd` ydi b ekrgueuibdi mkibdi
rlsloa pdslki, pk`dpardi mdi did`lsls lislmki, o k f d f p u d i ek`dhdr mdrl lislmkit
mdi tlimdo `dihutiyd skrtd l f p ` k fk i t d s l sa`usl uituo fk fl i l f d ` o d i t l fe u ` i yd
rksloa. S l s t k f l i l fk i c k b d g tkrhdmliyd ckmkrd ydi b ml skedeodi a`kg oksd`dgdi

doledt fk `dosdidodi sudtu tlimdodi dtdu tlmdo fk i b d f e l ` tlimdodi ydi b

skgdrusiyd ml`douodi (MkpOks UL, 5 : : > ) .
F k i u r u t O a g i , Carrlbdi & Maid`msai ( 5:: :) ,   pdtlkit sdnkty
dmd`dg tlmdo 
dmdiyd oksd`dgdi dtdu ekeds mdrl ckmkrd odrkid okck`doddi. Oksk`dfdtdi
pdslki ( pdtlkit sdnkty) dmd`dg sudtu s l s t k f mlfdid r u fd g sdolt fk f e u d t dsugdi
pdslki
`kelg d f d i , fk i c k b d g tkrhdmliyd clmkrd ydi b mlskedeodi a`kg oksd`dgdi
doledt fk ` do sd id od i sudtu tlimdodi dtdu tlmdo fk i b d f e l ` tlimdodi yd ib
skgdrusiyd mldfel`. S l s t k f tkrskeut fk `lputl pkibkid`di rksloa, lmkitlnlodsl mdi
;
pkibk`a`ddi gd` yd i b ekrgueuibdi mkibdi rksloa pdslki, pk`dpardi mdi did`lsls
lislmki,
 o k f d f p u d i ek`dhdr mdrl lislmki, tlimdo `dihut mdi l f p ` k fk i t d s l sa`usl uituo fkflilfd`odi
rksloa. Fk`lputl8 dsskssfkit rlsloa, lmkitlnlodsl mdi pkibk`a`ddi gd` ekrgueuibdi
mkibdi rlsloa pdslki, pk`dpardi mdi did`lsls lislmki, o k f d f p u d i ek`dhdr mdrl
lislmki mdi tlimdo `dihutiyd, l f p ` k fk i t d s l

sa`usl uituo fk fl i l f d ` o d i t l fe u ` i yd rlsloa.

E. ] u h u d i S l s t k f   Z d t l k i t sdnkty
]uhudi S l s t k f Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki U u fd g Sdolt dmd`dg8
4. ]krclptdiyd eumdyd oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ml U u fd g Sdolt
5. F k i l i b o d ti y d douitdel`ltds U u fd g Sdolt tkrgdmdp pdslki mdi fdsydrdodt
3. F k i u r u i i y d O ] M ml U u f d g Sdolt

=. ]kr`dosdidiyd prabrdf-prabrdf pki ckbdgdi skgli bbd

tlmdo 
tkrhdml pkidibbu`dibdi O ] M
 Skmdibodi tuhudi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki skcdrd litkridslaid` dmd`dg 8
4.  Lmkitlny pdtlkits carrkct`y (fkiblmkitlnlodsl pdslki skcdrd ekidr)

5.  Lfpravk knnkctlvk c a f f u i l c d t l a i   ( fk i l i b o d t o d i
o a f u i l o d s l yd ib knkotln)
6.  Lfpravk tgk sdnkty an glbg-d`krt f kml c dt l ai s   (fk i l ib od to di o k d f d i d i
mdrl pkibaedtdi rksloa tlibbl)
=.  K`lflidtk wraib-sltk, wraib-pdtlkit, wraib
prackmurk
  sur bk r y   (fk i b k ` l fl i ds l oksd`dgdi p k i k f p d td i , oksd`dgdi pk ibkid` di
 pdslki, oksd`dgdi praskmur apkrdsl)

; .  Ukmuck tgk rlso an gkd`tg cdrk-dssacldtkm linkctlais  (fk iburdibl rlsloa

linkosl ydib ekrgueuibdi mkibdi pk`dydidi okskgdtdi)

>.  Ukmuck tgk rlso an pdtlkit g d r f nraf nd``s (fk iburdibl rlsloa pdslki
tkr`uod odrkid hdtug)
M d` d f updyd pkicdpdldi tuhudi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki l i l , sktldp r u f d g
sdolt wdhle fk `dosdidodi s l s t k f oksk`dfdtdi pdslki fk `d`ul updyd- updyd
skedbdl ekrlout8
4. Dosk`krdsl prabrdf linkoslai caitra` prkvkitlai (LCZ)

>
 5. Zkikrdpdi stdimdr oksk`dfdtdi pdslki mdi pk`dosdiddi 2 `dibodg fk i u h u
oksk`dfdtdi pdslki r u fd g sdolt. Mdi ml kvd`udsl fk `d`ul dorkmltdsl r u fd g
sdolt
3. Zk i li b od td i oksk`dfdtdi pkibbuiddi mdrdg (e`aam sdnkty).

=. Mlkvd`udsl fk `d`ul dorkmltdsl r u f d g sdolt.

;. Zk i li b od td i oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ml od fd r apkrdsl ckbdg
tkrhdmliyd
wraib pkrsai, wraib sltk, wraib praskmurk (Mrdnt S Z F U S 8 4 : : % tm
l dot krhdml
oksd`dgdi ardib, tkfpdt, mdi praskmur ml odfdr apkrdsl)
>. Zk i li b od td i oksk`dfdtdi pdslki mdrl oksd`dgdi aedt.
2. Zk`dosdiddi pk`dpardi lislmki ml r u fd g sdolt mdi ok o afl t k oksk`dfdtdi
r u fd g sdolt.
C. Z r l i s l p – Z r l i s l p O k s k ` d f d t d i Zdslki
]uhug prlislp fk i u h u oksk`dfdtdi pdslki r u fd g sdolt tkrmlrl mdrl8 4)
Oksdmdrdi (dwdrkikss) tkitdib il`dl oksk`dfdtdi pdslki, 5 ) O a fl tf k i pk`dydidi
okskgdtdi ekrarlkitdsl  pdtlkit sdnkty, 3 ) O k f d f p u d i fk iblmkitlnlodsl ndotar rlsloa
pkiykede lislmki tkrodlt  pdtlkit sdnkty, =)Okpdtugdi pk`dpardi lislmki
tkrodlt pdtlkit sdnkty, ; ) O k f d f p u d i e k roafui l od sl ydi b knkotln mkibdi pdslki
tkitdib ndotar rlsloa lislmki tkrodlt  pdtlkit sdnkty,
> ) O k f d f p u d i fk iblmkitlnlodsl dodr fdsd`dg pkiykede fdsd`dg tkrodlt  pdtlkit
sdnkty, 2 ) O k f d f p u d i fk fd i n d d t o d i l i n a r fd s l tkitdib okhdmldi ydib tkrhdml
uituo fkickbdgokhdmldi ekru`dib (Dbus, moo, 5:43).

 M.  Lsu, K ` k f k i , m di D o d r Z k i y k e d e Oks d` dgdi y d i b Z d ` l i b [ f u f

md` df Zdtlk it sdnkty
4. @lfd lsu p k i t l i b tkrodlt oksk`dfdtdi (gaspltd` rlso ) ydltu8
d. oksk`dfdtdi pdslki
 e. oksk`dfdtdi pkokrhd (idoks)
c. oksk`dfdtdi ndsl`ltds (edibuidi, pkrd`dtdi)
m. oksk`dfdtdi ` l i b o u i b d i
k. oksk`dfdtdi elsils.
5. K ` k fk i   Z d t l k i t sdnkty

2
 d.  Dmvkrsk mrub kvkits (DMK)/ fkmlcdtlai krrars (FK) (oktlmdocacaodi
aedt/oksd`dgdi pkibaedtdi)
 e.  Ukstrdlit usk (okimd`l pkibbuiddi)
c.  Ias ac afl d` linkctlais (linkosl i a s a o afl d ` )

m. Surblcd` flsgdps (okck`doddi apkrdsl)

k.  Zrkssurk u`ckrs (tkodidi u`ous)
n.  E`aam pramuct sdnkty/dmflilstrdtlai ( o k d f d i d i pramuo
 
mdrdg/dmflilstrdsl)
b.  Ditlflcraeld` rkslstdick (rkslstkisl ditlfl oraed)
g.   L f f u i l z d t l a i p r ab rdf (prabrdf l f u i l s d s l )
l.  Nd``s (tkrhdtug)
 h.  E`aam s t r k d f – vdscu`dr cdtgktkr cdrk (d`lrdi mdrdg – pkrdwdtdi odtktkr 
 pkfeu`ug mdrdg)
o. Systkfdtlc rkvlkw, na``aw-up, dim rkpartlib an pdtlkit/vlsltar
liclmkit rkparts (tlihdudi slstkfdtls, tlimdodi `dihutdi, mdi pk`dpardi
 pdslki/pkibuihuib `dpardi okhdmldi)

3. F a s t C a f f a i Uaat Cdusks an Krrars (Dodr Zkiykede Oksd`dgdi ydib

Zd`lib [ f u f ) 8
d. C a f f u i l c d t l a i prae`kfs (fdsd`dg o af ui l od s l )
 e.  Lidmkqudtk l inarfdtlai n`aw (drus l in ar fdsl ydib tlmdo fk fd md l )
c.   G u f d i prae`kfs (fdsd`dg fd i u s l d )

m.  Zdtlkit-rk`dtkm lssuks (lsu ekrokiddi mkibdi pdslki)

k. Arbdilzdtlaid` trdisnkr an oiaw`kmbk (arbdilsdsl trdisnkr pkibktdgudi)
n. Stdnnlib pdttkris/waro n`aw (pa`d stdn/d`ur okrhd)
b. ]kcgilcd` ndl`urks (oksd`dgdi tkoils)

g.  Lidmkqudtk pa`lclks dim prackmurks (okelhdodi mdi praskmur ydi b tm

l dofk
 fdmd)l

7
 K. Stdimdr O k s k ` d f d t d i Zdslki
]uhug Stdimdr Oksk`dfdtdi Zdsl ki ( fk i b d c u pdmd ‐ Gaspltd` Zdtlkit 
 sdnkty Stdimdrms‖ ydib mlok`udrodi a`kg Halit C a f f l s l a i a i Dccrkmltdtlai an 
 Gkd`tg Arbdilzdtlais, L``lials, [SD , tdgui 5 : : 5 ) , ydltu8

4. Gdo pdslki
Stdimdriyd dmd`dg pdslki & ok`udrbdiyd fk f p u i y d l gdo uituo 
fk imdpdtodi l i na r fd sl tkitdib rk i cd i d & gdsl` pk`dydidi tkrfdsuo okfuibolidi
tkrhdmliyd O ] M (Okhdmldi ]lmdo Mlgdrdpodi). Orltkrldiyd dmd`dg skedbdl
ekrlout8
d. Gdrus dmd maotkr pk i di bb ui b hdwde pk`dydidi.
 e. Maotkr pki di bbuib hdwde pk`dydidi wdhle fk f e u d t rkicdid pk`dydidi
c. Maotkr pkidibbuib hdwde pk`dydidi wdhle fk f e k r l o d i pkihk`dsdi yd ib
 hk`ds mdi ekidr okpdmd pdslki mdi ok`udrbd tkitdib rkicdid mdi gdsl`
 pk`dydi di , pki baedtdi dtdu praskmur ui tuo pdslki
tkrf dsuo okf uibolidi tkrhdmliyd O ] M
5. Fkimlmlo pdslki mdi ok`udrbd

Stdimdriyd dmd`dg U S gdrus fk imlmlo pdslki & ok`udrbdiyd tkitdib

okwdhledi & tdibbuib hdwde pdslki md`df dsugdi pdslki. Orltkrldiyd
dmd`dg oksk`dfdtdi md`df p k fe k r l d i pk`dydidi mdpdt mltlibodtodi
mkibdi oktkr`ledtdi pdslki dmd`dg pdrtikr md`df prasks pk`dydidi. Odrkid
ltu, ml U S
gdrus dmd s l s t l f mdi fk o d i l s fk fk imlmlo pdslki & ok`udrbdiyd
tkitdib

okwdhledi & tdibbuib hdwde pdslki md`df dsugdi pdslki. Mk i b di

 pkimlmlodi tkrskeut mlgdrdpodi pdslki & ok`udrbd mdpdt8
d. F k f e k r l o d i lina y d i b ekidr, hk`ds, `kibodp mdi huhur 
 e. Fkibktdgul okwdhledi mdi tdibbuib hdwde
c. Fk ibdhuodi pkrtdiyddi uituo gd` yd i b tlmdo mlfk ibkrtl
m. F k f d g d fl mdi fk i k r l f d oaiskoukisl pk`dydidi
k. F k f d t u g l listruosl mdi fk i b g a r f d t l pkrdturdi U S
n. F k f p k r ` l gd to d i slodp fk i b g a r f d t l mdi tkibbdib rdsd
b. F k fk i u g l okwdhledi nlidisld` ydi b mlskpdodtl
<
3. Oksk`dfdtdi pdslki mdi o k s l i d f e u i b d i pk`dydidi
Stdimdriyd dmd`dg U S fk i h d fl i o k s l i d fe u i b d i pk`dydidi mdi
fk i h d fl i oaarmlidsl ditdr tkidbd mdi ditdr u i l t pk`dydidi mkibdi
orltkrl skedbdl ekrlout8

d. Oaarmlidsl pk`dydidi skcdrd fk i y k ` u r u g

 e. Oaarmlidsl pk`dydidi mlsksudlodi okeutugdi pdslki mdi ok`dydodi
s u fe k r mdyd
c. Oaarmlidsl pk`dydidi fk i c d o u p pkilibodtdi o a f u i l o d s l
m. O a f u i l o d s l mdi trdisnkr l i na r fd sl ditdr pranksl okskgdtdi
=. Z k i b b u i d d i fk tamk-fktamk pkilibodtdi olikrhd uituo fk ` douodi kvd`udsl
mdi prabrdf pkilibodtdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki
Stdimdriyd dmd`dg U S gdrus fk i m l s d l i prasks edru dtdu fk f p k r e d l o l
 prasks ydib dmd, fk f a i l t a r & fk ibkvd`udsl olikrhd fk `d`ul p k i b u f p u ` d i
mdtd, fk i b d i d ` l s l s skcdrd litkisln O ] M , & fk ` d o u od i pkruedgdi
uituo fkilbodtodiolikrhd skrtd O Z mkibdi crltkrld skedbdl ekrlout8
d. Sktldp r u fd g sdolt gdrus fk ` do uo di prasks pkrdicdibdi (mkslbi) yd i b

 edlo, sksudl mkibdi ‖]uhug @dibodg F k i u h u Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki U u f d g

Sdolt‖.
 e. Sktldp r u fd g sdolt gdrus fk `douodi p k i b u f p u ` d i mdtd olikrhd
c. Sktldp r u f d g sdolt gdrus fk `douodi kvd`udsl litkisln 

m. Sktldp r u f d g sdolt gdrus fk i b b u i d o d i s k f u d mdtd mdi l i n a r fd s l gdsl`

did`lsls
;. Zkrdi o k p k fl f p l i d i md`df fk i l i b o d t o d i oksk`dfdtdi pdslki
stdimdriyd
dmd`dg8
d. Z l f p l i d i maraib & h d fl i l f p ` k fk i t d s l prabrdf O Z fk `d` ul pkikrdpdi
‐ 2 @dibodg Fk i u h u O Z US‖.
 e. Z l f p l i d i fk i h d fl i ekr`dibsuibiyd prabrdf pradotln lmkitlnlodsl rlsloa
OZ & prabrdf fk i b u r d i b l O ] M .
c. Z l f p l i d i maraib & t u fe u go d i o a f u i l o d s l & oaarmlidsl ditdr u i l t &
limlvlmu ekrodltdi mkibdi p k i b d fe l ` d i okputusdi tkitdib O Z

4:
 m. Z l f p l i d i fk ibd`aodslodi s u fe k r mdyd yd i b dmkoudt uituo fk i b u o u r,
fk ibodhl, & fk i l i b o d t o d i olikrhd U S skrtd tlibodtodi OZ.
k. Z l f p l i d i fk i b u o u r & fk i bo dh l knkotlnltds oaitrleusliyd md`df
fk i l i b o d t o d i olikrhd U S & OZ, mkibdi crltkrld skedbdl ekrlout8

d) ]krmdpdt t l f ditdr mlslp`li uituo fk i b k ` a ` d prabrdf oksk`dfdtdi

 pdslki.
 e) ]krskmld prabrdf pradotln uituo lmkitlnlodsl rlsloa oksk`dfdtdi mdi
 prabrdf fk fl i l f d ` o d i lislmki,

c) ]krskmld fk o d i l s fk okrhd uituo fk i h d fl i edgwd s k f u d o a f p a i k i

mdrl r u fd g sdolt tkrlitkbrdsl mdi ekrpdrtlslpdsl
m) ]krskmld praskmur ‐ckpdt-tdibbdp‖ tkrgdmdp lislmki, tkrfdsuo dsugdi
okpdmd pdslki ydib tkrokid fusledg, fk f e d t d s l rlsloa pdmd ardib `dli
mdi p k i y d f p d l d i l i n a r fd s l ydib ekidr mdi hk`ds uituo okpkr`udi
did`lsls.

k) ]krskmld fk o d i l s fk pk`dpardi li tk ri d` mdi kostkrid` ekrodltdi mkibdi

lislmki,
n) ]krskmld fk o d i l s fk uituo fk i d i b d i l ekredbdl hkils lislmki
b) ]krmdpdt oa`deardsl mdi o af u i l o d s l tkreuod skcdrd suodrk`d ditdr ui l t
mdi ditdr pkibk`a`d pk`dydidi
g) ]krskmld s u fe k r mdyd mdi s l s t k f li narfdsl ydi b mleutugodi
l) ]krskmld sdsdrdi tkruour, mdi p k i b u f p u ` d i l i n a r fd s l fk i b b u i d o d i

orltkrld aehkotln uituo fk ibkvd`udsl knkotlvltds pkredlodi olikrhd r u fd g

sdolt mdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki
>. Fkimlmlo stdn tkitdib oksk`dfdtdi pdslki. Stdimdriyd dmd`dg8
d. U S fk fl ` l o l prasks pkimlmlodi, pk`dtlgdi & arlkitdsl uituo sktldp
 hdedtdi fk i c d o u p oktkrodltdi hdedtdi mkibdi O Z skcdrd hk`ds.
 e. U S fk iy k`k ibbdrdodi pkimlmlodi & pk`dtlgdi ydib ekrok`dihutdi
uituo fk i l i b o d t o d i & fk fk ` l g d r d o a f p k t k i s l stdn skrtd fk i m u o u i b
 pkimkodtdi litkrmlslp`li md`df pk`dydidi pdslki, mkibdi orltkrld
skedbdl ekrlout8

44
 d) F k fl ` l o l prabrdf mlo`dt mdi arlkitdsl edbl stdn edru yd i b fk f u d t
taplo oksk`dfdtdi pdslki
 e) F ki bli tkbrdslodi taplo oksk`df dtdi pdslki
md`df sktldp okbldtdi liskrvlck trdlilib mdi fk f e k r l
pk mafdi yd i b hk`ds

tkitdib pk`dpardi lislmki.

c) F k i y k ` k i b b d rd od i pk`dtlgdi tkitdib
okrhdsdfd ok`afpao  
(tkdfwaro) buid fk i m u o u i b pkimkodtdi litkrmlslp`li mdi oa`deardtln
md`df rdibod fk ` d y d i l pdslki.
2. O a f u i l o d s l fk rup do di o u i c l edbl stdn uituo fk i c d p d l oksk`dfdtdi

 pdslki. Stdimdriyd dmd`dg8

d. U S fk r k i c d i d o d i & fk i m k s d l i prasks f d i d h k fk i l i n a rfd s l O Z

uituo fkfkiugl okeutugdi li n ar fd sl litkrid` & kostkrid`.
 e. ] r d i s fl s l mdtd & li n ar fd sl gdrus tkpdt wdotu & dourdt, mkibdi crltkrld
skedbdl ekrlout8
4) Mlskmldodi dibbdrdi uituo fk r k i c d i d o d i mdi fk i m k s d l i prasks
f d i d h k fk i uituo fk f p k r a ` k g mdtd mdi l i n a r fd s l tkitdib gd`-gd`
tkrodlt mkibdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki.
5) ]krskmld fk o d i l s fk lmkitlnlodsl fdsd`dg mdi okimd`d o a f u i l o d s l
uituo fk r k v l s l f d i d h k fk i l i n arfd sl ydib dmd.
N.   ] u h u g @dibodg F k i u h u O k s k ` d f d t d i Zdslki
4. F k i u r u t U l i l , moo(5:42), fk i y ke u t o d i `dibodg fk i u h u oksk`dfdtdi pdslki

y dl tu8 E di bui oksdmdrdi dodi i l`dl oksk`df dtdi Z dslki , ‐

cl ptdodi o k p k fl f p l i d i & eumdyd ydib tkreuod mdi dml`‖
d. Edbl U u f d g sdolt8
4) Okelhdodi8 tlimdodi stdn skbkrd sktk`dg lislmki, `dibodg o u f p u ` ndotd,
muouibdi okpdmd stdn, pdslki, ok`udrbd
5) Okelhdodi8 pkrdi & douitdel`ltds limlvlmud` pdmd lislmki
3) ] u f e u g o d i eumdyd pk`dpardi & ek`dhdr mdrl lislmki
=) @douodi d s k s fk i mkibdi fk i b b u i d o d i survkl pkil`dldi OZ
 e. Edbl ] l f 8
45
 4) Dibbatd f d f p u ekrelcdrd, pkmu`l & ekrdil `dpar el`d dmd lislmki

5) @dpardi tkreuod & tkrhdml prasks pkfek`dhdrdi skrtd pk`dosdiddi

tlimdodi/sa`usl ydib tkpdt
5. Z l f p l i mdi muouib stdn dimd, ‐edibui`dg o a fl tf k i & naous ydib oudt &

 hk`ds tkitdib O Z ml U S dimd‖

d. Edbl U u f d g Sdolt8
4) Dmd dibbatd Mlrkosl ydi b ekrtdibbuib hdwde dtds O Z
5) Ml edbldi-edbldi dmd ardib y d i b mdpdt fk ihdml ‐Zkibbkrdo‖
(cgdfplai) OZ
3) Zrlarltdsodi O Z md`df dbkimd rdpdt Mlrkosl/Fdidhkfk i
=) Fd suo od i O Z md`df s k f u d prabrdf `dtlgdi stdn 
 e. Edbl ] l f 8
4) Dmd ‐pkibbkrdo‖ md`df t l f uituo fk fl f p l i Bkrdodi O Z
5) Hk`dsodi rk`kvdisl & p k i t l i b i yd , skrtd fdinddt bkrdodi O Z
3) ] u f e u g o d i slodp osdtrld yd i b fk i b gd r b d l pk`dpardi lislmki
3. Litkbrdslodi dotlvltds pkibk`a`ddi rlsloa, ‐ o k f e d i b o d i s l s t k f & prasks
 pkibk`a`ddi rlsloa, skrtd `douodi lmkitlnlodsl & d s k s fk i gd` ydib patkisld`
 ekrfdsd`dg‖
² d. Edbl U u f d g Sdolt8
4) Struour & prasks fk i h d fl i rlsloa o ` l i ls & i a i o`lils, fk i c d o u p O Z
5) O k f e d i b o d i limlodtar olikrhd edbl s l s t k f pkibk`a`ddi rlsloa

3) B u i d o d i l i n a r fd s l mdrl s l s t k f pk`dpardi l islmki & d s k s fk i rlsloa &

tlibodtodi okpkmu`ldi tkrgdmdp pdslki
 e. Edbl ] l f 8
4) Mlsousl lsu O Z md`df naruf-naruf, uituo u f p d i ed`lo okpdmd
f d i d h k fk i tkrodlt
5) Zkil `dl di rlsloa pdmd limlvlmu pdslki
3) Zrasks d s k s fk i rlsloa tkrdtur, tkituodi doskptdel`ltds tldp rlsloa,
&
`dibodg fk f p k r o kc l ` rlsloa tkrskeut.

43
=. O k fe d i b o d i s l st k f pk`dpardi, ‐Zdstlodi stdn Dimd dbdr mkibdi fumdg mdpdt
fk `dparodi okhdmldi/lislmki skrtd U S fk i bd t u r pk`dpardi okpdmd OOZ-U S‖
d. Edbl U u f d g Sdolt ydltu `kibodpl r ki cd id l f p ` k fk i t d s l s l s t k f pk`dpardi
lislmki, ok md`df f d u p u i ok `udr ydi b gdrus ml`dparodi ok O O Z U S – 

ZKUSL
 e. Edbl ] l f ydltu maraib dibbatd uituo fk `dparodi sktldp
lislmki &
lislmki yd i b tk`dg mlckbdg tktdpl tktdp tkrhdml hubd, skedbdl edgdi
 pk`dhdrdi ydib p k i t l i b

; . @ledtodi mdi ekroafuilodsl mkibdi pdslki, ‐ o k fe d i b o d i cdrd-cdrd

o af u i l o d s l ydib tkreuod mkibdi pdslki‖
d. Edbl U u f d g Sdolt8
4) Okelhdodi 8 o a f u i l o d s l tkreuod tkitdib lislmki mkibdi pdslki &
ok`udrbd
5) Zd sl k i & ok`udrbd fk imdpdt l i na r fd sl el`d tkrhdml lislmki

6) Muouibdi, pk`dtlgdi & maraibdi sk fd i bd t okpdmd stdn dbdr sk`d`u

tkreuod okpdmd pdslki & ok`udrbd (md`df sk`urug prasks dsugdi
 pdslki)
 e. Edbl ] l f 8
4) Gdrbdl & muouib oktkr`ledtdi pdslki & ok`udrbd el`d tk`dg tkrhdml
lislmki

5) Zrlarltdsodi pkfekrltdgudi okpdmd pdslki & ok`udrbd el`d tkrhdml

lislmki
3) Skbkrd sktk`dg okhdmldi, tuihuoodi kfpdt l okpdmd pdslki & ok`udrbd.
>. Ek`dhdr mdi ekredbl p k i b d ` d fd i tkitdib Oksk`dfdtdi pdslki, ‐maraib stdn dimd
uituo fk ` d o uo d i did`lsls dodr fdsd`dg uituo ek`dhdr e db dlfdi d & fk i b d p d
okhdmldi ltu t l fe u ` ‖
d. Edbl U u f d g Sdolt8
4) Stdn tkr`dtlg fk ibodhl lislmki skcdrd tkpdt, fk iblmkitlnlodsl skede
5) Okelhdodi8 orltkrld pk`dosdiddi Did`lsls Dodr Fdsd`dg (Uaat Cdusk
 Did`ysls/UCD) dtdu Ndl`urk Famks & Knnkcts Did`ysls (NFKD) dtdu

4=
 fk tamd did`lsls ` dl i, fk i c d o u p s k f u d l i s l mk i & fl i l f u f 4 x pkr tdgui
uituo prasks rlsloa tlibbl
 e. Edbl ] l f 8
4) Mlsouslodi md`df t l f p k i b d ` d fd i mdrl gdsl` did`lsls lislmki

5) Lmkitlnlodsl edbldi ` dl i y d i b f u i b o l i tkrokid mdfpdo & edbl

 p ki b d` d fd i tkrskeut
2. Ckbdg ckmkrd fk `d`ul l f p ` k fk i t d s l s l s t k f Oksk`dfdtdi pdslki, ‐ B u i d o d i
l i na rfdsl ydib dmd tkitdib okhdmldi/fdsd`dg uituo fk `douodi pkruedgdi pdmd
s l s t k f pk`dydidi‖
d. Edbl U u f d g Sdolt8

4) ] k i t u o d i sa`usl mkibdi l i n a rfd s l mdrl s l s t k f pk`dpardi, d s k s fk i rlsloa,

odhldi lislmki, dumlt skrtd did`lsls.
5) Sa`usl fk i c d o u p pkihdedrdi u`dib sl st kf, pkiyksudldi pk`dtlgdi stdn &
okbldtdi o`lils, pkibbuiddi l i s t r u fk i ydib fk i h d fl i O Z
3) D s k s fk i rlsloa uituo sktldp pkruedgdi
=) Sasld`lsdslodi sa`usl ydi b mlokfedibodi a`kg O OZU S-ZKUS L

; ) [ f p d i ed`lo okpdmd stdn tkitdib sktldp tlimdodi yd i b mldfel` dtds

lislmki
 e. Edbl ] l f 8
4) O k fe d i b o d i dsugdi pdslki fk ihdml `kelg edlo & `kelg d f d i
5) ]k`ddg pkruedgdi ydib mleudt t l f & pdstlodi pk`dosdiddiiyd
3) [ f p d i ed`lo dtds sktldp tlimdo `dihut tkitdib lislmki yd ib ml`dparodi
B. S d s d r d i O k s k ` d f d t d i Zdslki (SOZ)
Sdsdrdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki mldtur md`df Zkrdturdi F k i t k r l Okskgdtdi
Ukpue`lo Limaiksld, I a f a r 4><4/ Fkioks/Zkr/^LLL/5:44 tkitdib oksk`dfdtdi
Zd sl k i U u f d g Sdolt E D E L ^ pdsd` 7. Sdsdrdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki fk r up d o di
sydrdt uituo mltkrdpodi ml s k f u d r u f d g sdolt y d i b mldorkmltdsl a`kg o a fl s l
Dorkmltdsl U u f d g Sdolt, md`df p k i y u s u i d i sdsdrdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki l i l
fk i b d c u okpdmd   I l i k @lnk-Sdvlib Zdtlkit sdnkty Sa`utlai mdrl R G A Zdtlkit 
 sdnkty ( 5 : : 2 ) , ydib mlbuidodi hubd a`kg O a fl t k oksk`dfdtdi Zdsl k i
U u fd g

4;
Sdolt Z K U S L ( O O Z U S ZKUSL) mdi mdrl  Halit C a f f l s l a i Litkridtlaid` (HCL)
K i d f sdsdrdi (Slx Bad`s Zdtlki Sdnkty) ydltu8 
4. Oktkpdtdi lmkitlnlodsl pdslki
Oksd`dgdi odrkid ok`lru md`df lmkitlnlodsl pdslki sdibdt`dg r k i td i

tkrhdml mlgdfplr s k f u d tdgdpdi mldbiasd dtdu pkibaedtdi. Oksd`dgdi

tkrskeut elsd tkrhdml pdmd pdslki ydi b md`df okdmddi tkrelus / tkrskmdsl,
fk i b d ` d fl mlsarlkitdsl, tlmdo sdmdr, ekrtuodr tkfpdt tlmur / o d fd r / `aodsl
r u fd g sdolt, dmdiyd ok`dlidi skisarl, dtdu doledt sltudsl `dli.
5. F k i l i b o d t o d i o af u i l o d s l knkotln 
O a f u i l o d s l knkotln ydi b tkpdt wdotu, dourdt mdi `kibodp, hk`ds mdi
ydi b mlpdgdfl a`kg pdslki dodi fk i b u r d i b l oksd`dgdi mdi fk i b g d s l ` o d i
 pkilibodtdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki. O a f u i l o d s l ydib fumdg tkrhdml oksd`dgdi
okediydodi tkrhdml pdmd sddt pkrlitdg mlekrlodi skcdrd `lsdi dtdu fk ` d ` u l
tk`kpai. ]lmdo gdiyd fk ` d ` u l `lsdi dtdupui tk`kpai oksd`dgdi o a f u i l o d s l
fumdg tkrhdml oktlod pk`dpardi okfed` l gdsl` pkfk rlosddi orltls, skpkrtl
fk `dparodi gdsl` `deardtarluf o`lilo clta fk `d`ul tk`kpai ok uilt pk`dydidi.
3. Zk il i b odtd i o k d f d i d i aedt ydib pkr`u mlwdspdmdl
Aedt – aedtdi ydi b pkr`u mlwdspdmdl (glbg-d`krt fkmlcdtlai) dmd`dg
aedt ydi b skrlib fk i y ke d e o d i tkrhdml oksd`dgdi/oksd`dgdi skrlus
( skitlik` kvkit)  , aedt yd i b ekrlsloa tlibbl fk i y ke d e o d i mdfpdo yd i b
tlmdo mllibliodi (dmvkrsk a ut c a f k ) skpkrtl aedt-aedtdi yd i b tkr`lgdt fl r l p
mdi
okkibdrdiiyd fl r l p ( I d f d Aedt Uupd mdi [ c d p d i F l r l p / I A U [ F ,
dtdu
 @aao D`lok Saui D`lok/@DSD). Aedt –aedtdi ydi b skrlib mlskeutodi md`df
lsu oksk`dfdtdi pdslki dmd`dg p k fe k r l d i k`kotra`lt oaiskitrdt skcdrd tlmdo 
skibdhd ( fl sd ` i yd , o d` l uf o`arlmd 5 fk q / f ` dtdu `kelg pkodt, od ` lu f nasndt,
i d t r l u f o`arlmd `kelg pkodt mdrl : . < % , mdi f d b i k s l u f su`ndt 6 ; : % dtdu
`kelg pkodt). Cdrd yd i b pd`lib knkotln uituo fk i b u rd i b l / fk i bg l i md rl
okhdmldi tkrskeut dmd`dg mkibdi fk i l i b o d t o d i prasks pkibk`a`ddi aedt-aedt
ydib pkr`u mlwdspdmdl.
=. Okpdstldi tkpdt `aodsl-tkpdt praskmur-tkpdt pdslki apkrdsl
4>
 Oksd`dgdi l i l dmd`dg doledt mdrl o a f u i l o d s l ydi b tlmdo knkotln dtdu
ydi b tlmdo dmkoudt ditdrd t l f ekmdg, ourdib / tlmdo fk ` l e dtod i pdslki ml
md`df pkidimddi `aodsl (Sltk fdrolib)  , mdi tlmdo dmd praskmur uituo vkrlnlodsl`aodsl
apkrdsl. M l s d fp l i b ltu, d s k s fk i pdslki ydib tlmdo dmkoudt,

 pkik`ddgdi u`dib cdtdtdi fk mls tlmdo dmkoudt, eumdyd ydib tm

l dofk
 m
i uoubi
o af u i l o d s l tkreuod ditdr dibbatd t l f ekmdg, pkrfdsd`dgdi ydib
ekrgueuibdi mkibdi tu`lsdi tdibdi ydib tlmdo mdpdt mledcd mdi
 pkfdodldi slibodtdi dmd`dg ndotar-ndotar ydib ekroaitrleusl ydib skrlib
tkrhdml. Zkidimddi yd i b mlbuidodi a`kg r u f d g sdolt gdrus oa i s l st k i mdi
gdrus mleudt a`kg apkrdtar / ardib y d i b dodi fk `douodi tlimdodi,
ml`dosdidodi sddt pdslki tkrhdbd mdi sdmdr hlod fk f u i b o l i o d i , mdi gdrus
tkr`lgdt sdfpdl sddt mlsdydt. Zkidimddi `aodsl apkrdsl ml`douodi pdmd s k f u d
odsus tkrfdsuo slsl (`dtkrd`lty), fu`tlpk` struotur (hdrl tdibdi, hdrl odol, `ksl)
dtdu fu`tlpk` `kk` (tu`dib ek`dodib).
; . Zk i bu rdi b di rksloa linkosl tkrodlt pk`dydidi okskgdtdi
]ditdibdi tkreksdr md`df tdtdidi pk`dydidi okskgdtdi dmd`dg

 pkickbdgdi mdi pkibkimd`ldi linkosl, pkilibodtdi eldyd uituo fk i b ktds l

linkosl ydib ekrgueuibdi mkibdi pk`dydidi okskgdtdi fk rupdodi
okprlgdtlidi eksdr edbl pdslki f d u p u i pdrd prankslaid` pk`dydidi
okskgdtdi. Linkosl ydi b mlhufpdl eldsdiyd dmd`dg linkosl sd`urdi o k fl g ,
linkosl pdmd d`lrdi mdrdg (e`aam s t r k d f linkctlai) mdi p i k u f a i l d . Md`df
 pkidibbu`dibdi pusdt mdrl k ` l fl i d s l linkosl tkrskeut mdi linkosl-linkosl `dli
dmd`dg cucl tdibdi (gdim gyblkik) ydib tkpdt.
>. Zki b urd ib di pdslki hdtug
Md`df oaitkos papu`dsl/ fdsydrdodt ydi b ml`dydil, pk`dydidi ydi b
mlskmldodi mdi ndsl`ltdsiyd, r u fd g sdolt pkr`u fk ibkvd` udsl pdslki rlsloa
 pdslki hdtug mdi fk i b d f e l ` tlimdodi uituo fk i b u r d i b l rlsloa clmkrd el`d
s d f p d l hdtug. Kvd`udsl tkrskeut ml`lgdt mdrl dspko rlwdydt hdtug, aedt mdi
tk`ddg tkrgdmdp o a s u f s l d`oaga`, bdyd hd`di mdi o k s k l fe d i b d i , skrtd d`dt

42
  editu ekrhd`di ydib mlbuidodi a`kg pdslki. Z ra brd f kvd`udsl tkrskeut
gdrus`dg mltkrdpodi a`kg r u fd g sdolt uituo fk i b u r d i b l huf`dg pdslki hdtug.
  G. S k f e l ` d i Sa`usl @lnk-Sdvlib  Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki U u f d g Sdolt
R G A Ca``deardtlib Ckitrk nar Zdtlkit sdnkty  pdmd tdibbd` 5 F k l 5 : : 2 r k s fl

fk i k r e l t o d i ‐  I li k @lnk Sdvlib Zdtlkit sdnkty Sa`utlais‖ ( ‐ S k f e l ` d i Sa`usl @lnk-

Sdvlib Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki U u f d g Sdolt‖). Zdimudi l i l f u ` d l mlsusui skhdo tdgui
5::; a`kg pdodr oksk`dfdtdi pdslki mdi `kelg 4:: ikbdrd, mkibdi
fk iblmkitlnlodsl mdi fk fpk`dhdrl ekredbdl fdsd`dg oksk`dfdtdi pdslki.
Skekidriyd pktubds okskgdtdi tlmdo ekrfdosum fk i y ke d e o d i ckmkrd pdslki,
tktdpl ndotd tdfpdo edgwd ml e u fl l i l sktldp gdrl dmd pdslki ydib fk i b d ` d fl O ] M
(Okhdmldi ]lmdo Mlgdrdpodi). O ] M , edlo yd i b tlmdo mdpdt mlckbdg ( i a i krrar) fdu
p u i ydib mdpdt mlckbdg (krrar) , ekrdsd` mdrl ekredbdl prasks dsugdi pdslki.
Sa`usl oksk`dfdtdi pdslki dmd`dg s l s t k f dtdu litkrvkisl ydib mleudt, f d f p u
fk i c k b d g dtdu fk i b u r d i b l ckmkrd pdslki y d i b ekrdsd` mdrl prasks pk`dydidi
okskgdtdi. S k f e l ` d i Sa`usl l i l fk r upd od i pdimudi ydib sdibdt ekrfdinddt
fk f e d i t u US, fk f p k r e d l o l prasks dsugdi pdslki, bui d fk i b g l i m d r l ckmkrd
f d u p u i o k fd t l d i ydib mdpdt mlckbdg.
O a fl t k Oksk`dfdtdi Zds lk i U u f d g Sdolt ( O OZ U S ) fk i m a r a i b U S - U S ml
Limaiksld uituo fk i k r d p o d i S k f e l ` d i Sa`usl @lnk-Sdvlib Oksk`dfdtdi Zdsl k i
U u f d g Sdolt, dtdu < Sa`usl, ` dibsuib dtdu ekrtdgdp, sksudl mkibdi o k f d f p u d i
mdi oaimlsl U S f d s l i b - f d s l i b .
4. Zkrgdtlodi I d f d Aedt, Uupd mdi [ c d p d i F l r l p ( @aao-D`lok, Sauim-D`lok
 Fkmlcdtlai I d f k s ) .
 Idfd Aedt Uupd mdi [cdpdi Flrlp (IAU[F), ydib
fk f e l i b u i b o d i stdn pk`dosdid dmd`dg sd`dg sdtu pkiykede yd i b pd`lib
skrlib md`df oksd`dgdi aedt (fkmlcdtlai krrar ) mdi l i l fk rupdodi sudtu
okprlgdtlidi ml sk`urug muild. M k ib di pu`ugdi rleu aedt yd ib dmd sddt l i l ml
pdsdr, fd o d sdibdt slbilnlodi patkisl tkrhdmliyd oksd`dgdi doledt e l i b u i b
tkrgdmdp i d f d fk r ko dtdu bkikrlo skrtd o k fd s d i . Sa`usl IAU[F
mltkodiodi pdmd

 pkibbuiddi prataoa` uituo pkiburdibdi rlsloa mdi fk f d s t l o d i

47 tkredcdiyd
 rkskp, `dek`, dtdu pki bbuiddi pkrlitdg yd i b mlcktdo `kelg mu`u, f d u p u i
 pkfeudtdi rkskp skcdrd k`kotrailo.
5. Zdstlodi Lmkitlnlodsl Zdslki.
Okbdbd`di y d i b fk ` u d s mdi tkrus fk i k r u s uituo fk iblmkitlnlodsl

 pdslki skcdrd ekidr skrlib fk i b d rd g okpdmd oksd`dgdi pkibaedtdi, trdisnusl

f d u p u i pkfk rlosddi? pk`dosdiddi praskmur ydib ok`lru ardib? pkiykrdgdi edyl
okpdmd euodi ok`udrbdiyd, mse. Ukoafk imdsl mltkodiodi pdmd fk tamk uituo vkrlnlodsl
tkrgdmdp lmkitltds pdslki, tkrfdsuo oktkr`ledtdi pdslki md`df prasks

lil? stdimdrmlsdsl md`df fk tamk lmkitlnlodsl ml s k f u d r u fd g sdolt md`df sudtu

s l s t k f `dydidi okskgdtdi? mdi pdrtlslpdsl pdslki md`df oa i n l rfds l lil? skrtd
 pkibbuiddi prataoa` uituo fk fe k m d o d i lmkitlnlodsl pdslki mkibdi i d f d ydib
s dfd.
3. O a f u i l o d s l Skcdrd E k i d r sddt Skrdg ]k r lfd /Zk ib ap k rdi Zds lk i
Okskihdibdi md`df o af u i l o d s l sddt skrdg tkrlfd/ pkibapkrdi pdslki
ditdrd uilt-uilt pk`dydidi, mdi mlmd`df skrtd ditdr t l f pk`dydidi, elsd
fk ibdoledtodi tkrputusiyd o k s l i d fe u i b d i `dydidi, pkibaedtdi ydi b tlmdo tkpdt, mdi
patkisld` mdpdt fk ibdoledtodi ckmkrd tkrgdmdp pdslki. Ukoafk imdsl mltuhuodi
uituo fk f p k r e d l o l pa`d skrdg t k r l fd pdslki tkrfdsuo p ki b bui d di
 prataoa` uituo fk i b o a f u i l o d s l o d i l i na rfds l ydib ekrslndt orltls? fk f e k r l o d i
okskfpdtdi edbl pdrd prdotlsl uituo ekrtdiyd mdi fk i y d f p d l o d i pkrtdiyddi-

 pkrtdiyddi pdmd sddt skrdg tkrlfd,mdi fk `ledtodi pdrd pdslki skrtd ok`udrbd
md`df prasks skrdg tkrlfd.
=. Zdstlodi ]limdodi ydib ekidr pdmd Slsl ]ueug yd ib ekidr.
Z k i y l f p d i b d i pdmd gd` l i l skgdrusiyd skpkiugiyd mdpdt mlckbdg.
Odsus-odsus mkibdi pk`dosdiddi praskmur yd i b ok`lru dtdu
pkfekmdgdi slsl tueug ydi b sd`dg skedbldi eksdr dmd`dg doledt mdi
fl s o a f u i l o d s l mdi tm
l dod
 mdyid l i n a r fd s l dtdu l i n a r fd s l i yd tlmdo ekidr. Ndotar
ydi b pd`lib ediydo oaitrleusliyd tkrgdmdp oksd`dgdi-oksd`dgdi f d c d f l i l dmd`dg
tlmdo dmd dtdu ourdibiyd prasks prd-ekmdg y d i b mlstdimdrmlsdsl.
Ukoafk imdsliyd dmd`dg

uituo fk i c k b d g hkils-hkils okok`lrudi y d i b tkrbdituib pdmd

pk`dosdiddi 4<
  prasks vkrlnlodsl prdpkfekmdgdi? p k fe k r l d i tdimd pdmd slsl ydib dodi mlekmdg
a`kg pktubds yd i b dodi fk ` do sd id odi praskmur? mdi dmdiyd t l f ydi b tkr`ledt
md`df praskmur ] l f k aut sksddt s ke k ` u f fk f u ` d l praskmur
utiuofk
 b
ioanirlfdso
ldi lmkitltds pdslki, praskmur mdi slsl ydib dodi mlekmdg.

;. Okimd`lodi Cdlrdi K`kotra`lt Zkodt (caickitrdtkm ).

Sk fk i td rd s k f u d aedt-aedtdi, ela`ablcs, vdosli mdi fk mld oaitrds
fk fl ` l o l pranl` rlsloa, cdlrdi k`kotra`lt pkodt yd i b mlbuidodi uituo lihkosl
ogususiyd dmd`dg ekredgdyd. Ukoafk i mdsli yd dmd`dg fk f e u d t
stdimdrmlsdsl mdrl masls, u i l t uourdi mdi lstl`dg? mdi pkickbdgdi dtds c d f p u r
dmuo/elibuib
tkitdib cdlrdi k`kotra`lt pkodt ydib spkslnlo.
>. Zdstlodi Dourdsl Z k fe k r l d i Aedt pdmd Zkibd`lgdi Zk`dydidi.
Oksd`dgdi fk mlodsl tkrhdml pd`lib skrlib pdmd sddt trdislsl/pkibd`lgdi.
Ukoaisl`ldsl (pkiuitdsdi pkrekmddi) fk mlodsl dmd`dg sudtu prasks yd i b
mlmksdli uituo fk i c k b d g sd`dg aedt (fkmlcdtlai krrars) pdmd tltlo-tltlo trdislsl
pdslki. Ukoafk imdsliyd dmd`dg fk i c l pt d o d i sudtu mdntdr ydib pd`lib
`kibodp mdi dourdt mdi sk`urug fk mlodsl yd i b skmdib mltkrlfd pdslki
hubd mlskeut skedbdl ‐ g a fk fk mlcdtlai `lst‖, skedbdl pkredimlibdi mkibdi
mdntdr sddt dmfl sl, pkiykrdgdi mdi/dtdu pkrlitdg p k f u ` d i b d i e l ` d fd i d
fk i u ` l s o d i
 pkrlitdg fkmlodsl? mdi oaf ui l o d s l od i mdntdr tse okpdmd pktubds `dydidi
ydib
 ekrlout ml fdid pdslki dodi mltrdisnkr dtdu ml`kpdsodi.
2. Glimdrl Sd`dg Odtktkr mdi Sd`dg S d f e u i b S` dib (]uek).
S`dib, odtktkr, mdi spult ( syrlibk) ydib mlbuidodi gdrus mlmksdli
skmkfl oldi rupd dbdr fk i c k b d g o k f u i b o l i d i tkrhdmliyd O ] M (Okhdmldi
]lmdo Mlgdrdpodi) yd i b elsd fk i y ke d e o d i ckmkrd dtds pdslki
fk `d`ul
  p k i y d fe u i b d i spult mdi s`dib ydib sd`dg, skrtd fk f e k r l o d i fk mlodsl dtdu
cdlrdi fk `d`ul hd`ur ydi b ok`lru. Ukoafk imdsliyd dmd`dg fk i b di h u ro d i
 pkr`uiyd pkrgdtldi dtds fk mlodsl skcdrd mktdl`/rlicl el`d skmdib fk i b k i h d o d i
  p k fe k r l d i fk mlodsl skrtd p k fe k r l d i f d o d i ( fl s d ` i yd s`dib ydib ekidr), mdi
  el` dfdid fk i y d f e u i b d`dt-d`dt 5 okpdmd
: pdslki ( fl s d ` i y d fk i b b u i d o d i

s d fe u i b d i & s`dib ydib ekidr).

 7. B u i d o d i D`dt Lihkosl Skod`l Zdodl.
Sd`dg sdtu okprlgdtlidi b`aed` tkreksdr dmd`dg pkiykedrdi mdi G L ^ ,
G E ^ , mdi G C ^ ydi b mldoledtodi a`kg pdodl u`dib (rkusk) mdrl hdruf suitlo.
Ukoafk imdsl iyd dmd`dg pk i ` ui yd fk ` d r d i b pdodl u`dib hdruf ml ndsl`ltds

`dydidi okskgdtdi? pk`dtlgdi pkrlamlo pdrd pktubds ml `kfedbd-`kfedbd

`dydidi okskgdtdi ogususiyd tkitdib prlislp-pili sl p pkibkimd`ldi
linkosl,kmuodsl tkrgdmdp pdslki mdi ok`udrbd fk rkod fk i b k i d l pkiu`drdi
linkosl fk `d`ul mdrdg?mdi prdotko hdruf skod`l pdodl ydib d f d i .
<. ]l i bo d to di Okekrslgdi ] d i b d i ( Gdim gyblkik) uituo Zkickbdgdi `inkosl
  I a s a o a fl d ` .
Mlpkrolrdodi edgwd pdmd sktldp sddt `kelg mdrl 4,= hutd ardib ml
sk`urug muild fk imkrltd linkosl ydi b mlpkra`kg ml r u fd g - r u fd g sdolt.
Okekrslgdi ] d i b d i yd i b knkotln dmd`dg uourdi prkvkitln yd i b p l fk r utiuofk
 b
i gm
il drodi
fdsd`dg l i l . Ukoafk imdsliyd dmd`dg fk i m a r a i b l f p ` k fk i t d s l pkibbuiddi
cdlrdi ‐d`caga`-edskm gdim-rues‖ tkrskmld pdmd tltlo-tltlo pk`dydi tkrskmldiyd
s u fe k r dlr pdmd s k f u d ordi, pkimlmlodi stdn  fk ibkidl tkoilo okedrslgdi
tddibdi ydi b ekidr fk i b l i b d t o d i pk i bbu i ddi tdi bdi ekrslg mltkfpdt okrhd?
mdi pkibuourdi okpdtugdi pkikrdpdi okekrslgdi tdibdi fk `d`ul
pkfditdudi/aeskrvdsl mdi tkgilo-tkgilo ydib `dli.
 L. Dspko G u o u f ]krgdmdp  Zdtlkit sdnkty
Dspko g u o u f tkrgdmdp ‐ pdtlkit sdnkty‖ dtdu oksk`dfdtdi pdslki dmd`dg
skedbdl ekrlout8
2. [ [ ] k i t d i b Okskgdtdi & [ [ ] k i t d i b U u fd g Sdolt
d. Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki skedbdl Lsu G u o u f
4) Zdsd` ; 3 (3) [ [ Ia .3 > /5 : : < ? ‐Zk`dosdiddi Zk`dydidi okskgdtdi
gdrus fk imdgu`uodi oksk`dfdtdi iydwd pdslki.‖
5) Zdsd` 35 [ [ I a. = = / 5 : : < ? ‐ Zds l k i ekrgdo fk f p k r a ` k g o k d f d i d i
mdi oksk`dfdtdi mlrliyd sk`dfd md`df pkrdwdtdi ml U u fd g Sdolt.
3) Zdsd` ; 7 [ [ I a . 3 > / 5 : : <

54
 d) ‐Sktldp ardib ekrgdo fk i u i t u t bditl rubl tkrgdmdp skskardib,
tkidbd okskgdtdi, mdi/dtdu pkiyk`kibbdrd okskgdtdi ydib
fk i l f e u ` o d i okrubldi doledt oksd`dgdi dtdu ok`d`dldi md`df
 pk`dydidi okskgdtdi ydib mltkrlfdiyd.‖

 e) ‐…..tlmdo ekr`dou edbl tkidbd okskgdtdi ydib fk `douodi

tlimdodi pk i y k` d fdtdi iydwd dtdu pkickbdgdi okcdcdtdi
skskardib md`df okdmddi mdrurdt.‖
7. ] d i b b u i b Hdwde G u o u f US
d. Zdsd` 5<e [ [ I a.= = /5 :: < ? ‖ F k f e k r l pk`dydidi okskgdtdi yd i b d f d i ,
 ekrfutu, ditlmlsorlfl idsl, mdi knkotln mkibdi fk i b u t d f d o d i
okpkit libdi pdslki sksudl mkibdi stdimdr pk`dydidi U u f d g Sdolt.‖
 e. Zdsd` => [ [ Ia.==/5::<? ‐ U u f d g sdolt ekrtdibbuib hdwde skcdrd
g u o u f tkrgdmdp s k f u d okrubldi yd i b mltlfeu`odi dtds ok`d`dldi ydi b
ml`douodi tkidbd okskgdtdi ml US.‖

c. Zdsd` = ; (5) [ [ I a.= = /5 : :< ? ‐ U u f d g sdolt tlmdo mdpdt mltuitut md`df

fk `dosdidodi tubds md`df rdibod fk i y k ` d fd t o d i iydwd fd i u s l d . ‖
3. E u od i tdibbuib hdwde U u fd g Sdolt
d. Zdsd` = ; (4) [ [ I a . = = / 5 : : < ] k i t d i b U u f d g sdolt? ‐ U u f d g Sdolt ]lmdo 
 ekrtdibbuib hdwde skcdrd g u o u f dpdel`d pdslki mdi/dtdu ok`udrbdiyd
fk i a ` d o dtdu fk i b g k i t l o d i pkibaedtdi ydi b mdpdt ekrdoledt o k fd t l di
 pdslki sktk`dg dmdiyd pkihk`dsdi fk mls ydib oafprkskgkisln. ‐
=. Gdo Zdslki

d. Zdsd` 35m [ [ I a .= = / 5 : : < ? ‐Sktldp pdslki fk f p u i y d l

gdofk
 fpkràkg `dydidi okskgdtdi yd ib ek r fut u sksudl mkibdi stdimdr 
 pranksl mdi stdimdr praskmur apkrdslaid`‖
 e. Z dsd` 35k [ [ I a.==/5: : <? ‐ S ktldp pdslki f kf pui ydl gdo 
fk f p k r a ` k g `dydidi ydib knkotln mdi knlslki skglibbd pdslki tkrglimdr mdrl
okrubldi nlslo mdi fdt krl‖
c. Zdsd` 35h [ [ I a . = = / 5 : : < ? ‐Sktldp pdslki fk f p u i y d l gdo tuhudi

tlimdodi fk mls, d`tkridtln tlimdodi, rlsloa mdi oafp`lodsl yd i b

55
 f u i b o l i tkrhdml, mdi prabiasls tkrgdmdp tlimdodi ydib ml`douodi skrtd
 pkrolrddi eldyd pkibaedtdi‖
m. Zdsd` 35q [ [ I a. = = / 5 : : < ? ‐Sktldp pdslki fk f p u i y d l
gdofk
 bibubdt mdi/dtdu fk i u i t u t U u f d g Sdolt dpdel`d U u f d g Sdolt
mlmubd fk f e k r l o d i pk`dydidi yd ib tlmdo sksudl mkibdi stdimdr edlo skcdrd
pkrmdtd dtdupui plmdid‖

53
 E D E LLL
ZKI [ ] [ Z

D. O k s l f p u ` d i

 Zdtlkit sdnkty dmd`dg ekeds mdrl clmkrd doslmkitd` dtdu fk i bg l imdro di clmkrd
 pdmd pdslki doledt pkrdwdtdi fk mls mdi oksd`dgdi pkibaedtdi. Oksk`dfdtdi
 pdslki fk rupdodi sudtu s l s t k f uituo fk i c k b d g tkrhdmliyd ckmkrd ydib
mlskedeodi a`kg oksd`dgdi doledt fk `dosdidodi sudtu tlimdodi dtdu tlmdofk
  ibdfel̀
tlimdodi ydib skgdrusiyd mldfel`. ]uhudi S l s t k f Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki U u f d g
Sdolt dmd`dg tkrclptdiyd eumdyd oksk`dfdtdi pdslki ml U u f d g Sdolt,
fk i l i b o d ti y d douitdel`ltds U u f d g Sdolt tkrgdmdp pdslki mdi fdsydrdodt,
fk i u r u i i y d O ] M ml U u f d g Sdolt skrtd tkr`dosdidiyd prabrdf-prabrdf
 pkickbdgdi skglibbd tlmdo tkrhdml pkidibbu`dibdi O ] M
Oksk`dfdtdi Zd sl k i fk fl ` l o l 2 prlislp ydltu 8 4) Oksdmdrdi (dwdrkikss)
tkitdib il`dl oksk`dfdtdi pdslki, 5 ) O a fl tf k i pk`dydidi okskgdtdi ekrarlkitdsl
 pdtlkit sdnkty, 3 ) O k f d f p u d i fk iblmkitlnlodsl ndotar rlsloa pkiykede lislmki
tkrodlt  pdtlkit sdnkty, =)Okpdtugdi pk`dpardi lislmki tkrodlt  pdtlkit sdnkty,
; ) O k f d f p u d i e k roafui l od sl ydi b knkotln mkibdi pdslki tkitdib ndotar rlsloa
lislmki tkrodlt  pdtlkit sdnkty, > ) O k f d f p u d i fk iblmkitlnlodsl dodr fdsd`dg

 pkiykede fdsd`dg tkrodlt  pdtlkit sdnkty, 2 ) O k f d f p u d i fk fd i n d d to d i l i na rfds l

tkitdib okhdmldi ydib tkrhdml uituo fk i c k b d g okhdmldi ekru`dib.
Md`df pk`dosdiddi pdslki sdnkty, tkrmdpdt ekekrdpd Lsu, K ` k fk i , mdi DodrZ kyikede
Oksd`dgdi yd i b Zd` li b [ f u f md`df Zdtlkit sdnkty  skglibbd oltd skgdrusiyd
fk fl ` l o l Stdimdr Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki ydltu mkibdi fk f p k r g d t l o d i
Gdo pdslki, fk imlmlo pdslki mdi ok`udrbd, oksk`dfdtdi pdslki mdi
o k s l i d f e u i b d i pk`dydidi, pk i bb ui dd i fk tamk-fk tamk pkilibodtdi olikrhd
uituo fk ` d ou odi kvd`udsl mdi prabrdf pkilibodtdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki,
tkrfdsuo o af u i l o d s l ydib edlo.
]uhudi doglr mdrl  pdtlkit sdnkty dmd`dg > sdsdrdi oksk`dfdtdi pdslki
( S OZ )

mdpdt tkrcdpdl, ydltu oktkpdtdi lmkitlnlodsl pdslki, fk i l i b o d t o d i

o af u i l o d s l
5=
 knkotln, pkilibodtdi o k d f d i d i aedt ydib pkr`u mlwdspdmdl, okpdstldi tkpdt `aodsl-
tkpdt praskmur-tkpdt pdslki apkrdsl, okpdstldi tkpdt `aodsl-tkpdt praskmur-tkpdt
 pdslki apkrdsl pkiburdibdi rksloa linkosl tkrodlt pk`dydidi okskgdtdi skrtd
 pkiburdibdi pdslki hdtug.
A`kg odrkid ltu, R G A Ca``deardtlib Ckitrk nar Zdtlkit sdnkty  pdmd tdibbd` 5
F k l 5 : : 2 r k s fl fk i k r e l t o d i ‐   Il i k @lnk Sdvlib Zdtlkit sdnkty Sa`utlais‖ (‐
S k f e l ` d i Sa`usl @lnk-Sdvlib Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki U u f d g Sdolt‖). Gd` `dli ydib
 pkr`u mlpkrgdtlodi md`df  pdtlkit sdnkty dmd`dg dspko g u o u f tkrgdmdp ‐ pdtlkit 

 sdnkty‖ dtdu oksk`dfdtdi pdslki, ml fd i d tkrmdpdt ekekrdpd pdsd` ydi b fkibdtur oksk`dfdtdi

pdslki, gdo skrtd okwdhledi U S f d u p u i pdslki.
E. S d r d i
 Zdtlkit sdnkty fk rupdodi  tdibbuib hdwde oltd ekrsdfd skglibbd uituo 

fkwuhumodi  pdtlkit sdnkty mleutugodi okrhdsdfd yd i b edlo mdrl plgdo U S

f d u p u i ok`udrbd pdslki sk`dou p k i k r l f d pk`dydidi, tkrutdfd skedbdl pkrdwdt,
sk`dli okelhdodi US, d`ur pk`dydidi, oltd dmd`dg edbldi tkrpkitlib ydi b gdrus
f d f p u fkwuhumodi pdtlkit sdnkty  odrkid oltd ydib sk`d`u ekrdmd ml mkodt pdslki
gd f pk r ml sktldp wdotu.

5;
 MDN]DU Z [ S ] D O D

Dbus, M a i i y, moo. 5 :4 3 . Litkrvkisl Z r a e ` k f Sa`vlib Cyc`k (ZSC) Ekrmdsdrodi 2 

 Zrlislp Fkiuhu Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki U u f d g Sdolt. Hurid` Dmfl ilst rdsl mdi
O kelhdodi O kskgdtdi LS SI 4=4 5-7 7; 3. [ i lv krsltds
B arai td`a.
gttp8//haurid`.uidlr.dc.lm/mawi`admnu``/DOO7==;-:<=2ck;d72nu``destrdct.pmn.
Mldosks pdmd tdibbd` 5 ; Dbustus 5 : 5 : pdmd puou` : 2 . 3 : R L ] D

Dbus, M a i i y, moo. 5:42. Famu` F d i d h k f k i Sdnkty. Za`tkooks O k fk i o k s Baraitd`a

Carrlbdi H F, mdi Maid`msai F S . 5 : : : . ] a krrls g u f d i . Eul`mlib d sdnkr gkd`tg
s ys tk f. Rdslibtaib 8 Idtlaid` Dcdmkfyan Sclkick, [SD.
gtt ps8//www.icel.i`f.ilg.bav/puefk m/5;:225=7. Mldosks pdmd tdibbd` 5 ;
Dbustus 5 : 5 : pdmd puou` : 2 R L ] D

Mkpdrt kfk i Okskgdtdi(Mkpoks) UL. 5 : : < . [ i m d i b - [ i m d i b t k i t d i b Okskgdtdi mdi

 Uufdg Sdolt Ia.==. Hdodrtd 8 Mkpoks

Mkpoks UL. 5 : : > .  Zdimudi Ids lai d` Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki U u f d g Sdolt . Hdodrtd8

Mkpoks UL
Listltutk an Fkmlclik . 5:44. C a f f l t t k k a i Tud`lty an Gkd`tg Cdrk l i Dfkrlcd.
 Listltutk an Fkmlclik Ukparts Cafpasltk S u f f d r y . R d s g l i b t a i MC8 I d t l a i d `
Dcdmkfy Zrkss

Halit C a ffl s s l a i a i Dccrkmltdtlai an Gkd`tg Arbdilzdtlai dim R G A . 5 : : 5 .

 Ukskdrcg sgaws mlstureli b mrubkrr ar rdtks.
gttp8//www.b`kicak.caf/ps/gkd`tg/drtlc`k.pgp=1drtlc`kLm6;47. Mldosks pdmd
tdibbd` 5 ; Dbustus 5 : 5 : pdmd puou` : 7 . : : R L ] D .

  I u rs d ` d f. ( 5: : 4 ) .  Zrasks mdi maoufkitdsl okpkrdwdtdi8 oaiskp mdi prdotlo . (Kmlsl

4). Hdodrtd8 Sd`k fed Fkmlod

Zkrdturdi F k i t k r l Okskgdtdi Ukpue`lo Limaiksld. I a . 4><4/ F k i o k s /Zkr /^LLL

/5:44, tkitdib Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki U u fd g Sdolt.

Suidrya. 5 : : < . Zsloa`abl uituo Okpkrdwdtdi. K B C , Hdodrtd.

Supdrl, S. N. ( 5 : : ; ) . S d f e u t d i p k i c d i d i b d i bkrdodi ok sk `df dtdi pdslki r u f d g

 sdolt. Zdmdib 

Sutata. 5:45. Sdsdrdi Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki. O a f l s l Dorkmltdsl U u f d g Sdolt 8 Hdodrtd.

] d f e d y a i b , H. 5: :; .   Ndrf doa`abl uituo okpkrdwdtdi.Km8 Kstkr, F . Hdodrtd8 Rlmyd

Fkmlod.

5>
] O Z U S U S [ Z Sdib`dg. (5:44). @dpardi Lislmki Oksk`dfdtdi Zdslki ] d g u i 5:44.
Mkipdsdr 8U S [ Z Sdib`dg.

Rlmdydt, U. (5::<). Sa`usl gdmdpl tuitutdi pdslki. Skfel`di sa`usl @lvk-Sdvliboksk`dfdtdi pdslki
 Uufdg Sdolt. Mldfel` mdrl gttp8//www.ipsd.igs.uo/pdtlkitsdnkty . Mldosks pdmd tdibbd` 5 ;
Dbustus 5:5: puou` :2.3: R L ] D .

52