INTRODUCTION TO CNC

MILLING

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 1

 DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN
CONVENTIONAL
& CNC MACHINE

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 2

 FROM DRAWING TO
WORKPIECE

Programming
Study the drawing

Edit program
Production

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 3

 COORDINATE SYSTEM
A coordinate system is used for controlling the tool movements. The position of
the coordinate system is determined within the CNC milling by zero points.

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 4

 COORDINATE SYSTEM
The simplest form of a coordinate system for NC programming
consists of 2 axes intersecting at right angles. The intersection is
the zero point of the coordinate system.

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 5

 COORDINATE SYSTEM
A coordinate system with 2 axes allows precise description /
definition of all the points (corner points, circle centers, etc.) in a
workpiece drawing. (two-dimensional coordinate system). The shape
of a workpiece is normally described accurately by the workpiece drawing
and its dimensions.

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 6

 COORDINATE SYSTEM
If the position of the workpiece within the coordinate system is altered,
the following coordinate values may results.
Please note in each case: Signs (+,-).

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 7

 COORDINATE SYSTEM
To be able to represent "3-D workpieces", we need a coordinate
system with three axes. The coordinate axes are named after the
"Right-hand rule"

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 8

 ZERO & REFERENCE POINTS OF
MILLING MACHINE
Reference Point R
Serve for calibrating and for
controlling the measuring
system of the slide and the
tool traverse. The position of
the reference point is
accurately predetermined in
every traverse axis by trip
dogs and limit switches.
Therefore, the reference
point coordinates always
have the same, precisely
known numerical value in
relation to the machine zero
point.

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 9

 ZERO & REFERENCE POINTS OF
MILLING MACHINE
Reference Point R

After initiating the control

system, the reference point
must always be approached
from all axes to calibrate the
traverse measuring system.

This reference point is only

necessary in controls with
incremental measuring of length
because the actual value can
be lost at power failure.

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 10

 ZERO & REFERENCE POINTS OF
MILLING MACHINE
Machine Zero Point M
The machine zero point M is
invariable, fixed in the origin of
the machine’s system of
coordinates. It is driven over
by all machine slides and all
coordinates indications are put
to 0.

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 11

 ZERO & REFERENCE POINTS OF
MILLING MACHINE
Workpiece Zero Point W
The workpiece zero point is
identical with the origin of the
system of coordinates. The
programmer selects it at will and
specifies that point on the
drawing where all measures
come from. The difference
between M and W is given to the
control as a zero offset. So all
program coordinates refer to this
workpiece zero point.

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 12

SETTING ZERO
POINTS WITH
EDGE FINDER

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 13

SETTING ZERO
POINTS WITH
EDGE FINDER

-5 - 15
-5 - 17.5

- 73 - 49.5
59 64
Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 14
 SETTING ZERO
POINTS IN THE
TOOL AXIS

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 15

 STORE ZERO OFFSET
The workpiece zero point is located at a distance defined
by its coordinate values from the machine zero point in
the coordinate axes X, Y and Z; this distance is know as
the shift.
When workpiece zero point (RESET AXIS) is set, this shift
is automatically transferred to the CNC control system
and stored in memory for zero point shifts under G52.
The CNC control system will recognize the workpiece
zero point for the required workpiece machining
operation as zero point shifts under level 0.

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 16

 STORE ZERO OFFSET
0 X115 Y214 Z233
1 X115 Y214 Z233
2 X0 Y0 Z0
3 X115 Y214 Z233
4 X0 Y0 Z0
5 X0 Y0 Z0
6 X0 Y0 Z0
7 X0 Y0 Z0
8 X0 Y0 Z0
Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 17
 Y

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 18

 WORKPIECE
COORDINATE
SYSTEM WITH
G17 AND G18
PLANE

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 19

 WORKPIECE
COORDINATE
SYSTEM WITH
G17 AND G18
PLANE

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 20

 CNC MILLING
AXES
DIRECTION X, Y
AND Z

X&Y
MILLING G17

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 21

 CNC MILLING
AXES
DIRECTION X, Y
AND Z

X&Y
MILLING G17

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 22

 CNC MILLING
AXES
DIRECTION X, Y
AND Z

X&Z
MILLING G18

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 23

 CNC MILLING AXES DIRECTION X, Y AND Z

X & Z MILLING G18

Chapter 4 INTRODUCTION TO CNC MILLING 24