By Eng.

WALEED EL SAFOURY

1
Power control principle

 Fast power control is essential in CDMA systems because of:

*The same frequency band and as the same frequency can be used in
principle in Each cell (re-use = 1)
*level of the (inter- and intra-cell) interferences
*The power control is also used to solve the so-called "near-far" problem
*UL power control reduces the interference between different UE, DL power
control the interference between neighboring base stations, BTS.

2 3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

 UTRA
Power Control PC - Types:
• Open Loop PC
• Inner Loop PC
• Outer Loop PC
S/N > (S/N)def
 TPC = Down
else TPC = Up DL:
Inner Loop PC
P(BTS)  UE TPC

Outer Loop PC: UL:

(C/I)def variation, to
• Inner Loop PC
guarantee QoS (BER,..)
P(UE)  BTS TPC
• Open Loop PC UE
RNC P(UE)  oriented at
BTS BTS DL Power;
(Node B) for initial transmission

PC: Power Control

TPC: Transmit Power Control
S/N: Signal
3 to Noise
3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets
 UTRA
Power Control ••FDD:
FDD:1500
1500PCPCcycles/s
cycles/s
TDD: 100 - 800 cycles/s Fast
TDD: 100 - 800 cycles/s
(100/s:
(100/s:per
perframe;
frame;>100/s:
>100/s: Power Control
depends on frame configuration)
depends on frame configuration)
 UTRA Capacity
BTS Interference limited
 system stability
max. power:
vendor specific
PC steps:
1, 2, 3 dB
Dynamic:
30 dB (= 1000)

UE
max. power (4 classes):
• FDD: 2000 / 500 / 250 / 125 mW
• TDD: 1000 / 250 / 125 / 10* mW
PC steps: 1, 2, 3 dB
min. power: 0,04 W
TPC: Transmit Power Control
* for unlicensed operation
Receiver Sensitivity: -110 dBm
4 3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets
 RAKE
RAKE Receiver:
Receiver several „finger“ for multipath components

De-
Spreading
Matched Filter MF:
measures „Pilot“ Code (t-d1) „Finger 1“ a1
 „Delay“ estimation De-
Spreading a2 
Code (t-d2) „Finger 2“
Path 2 (d2, a2) a3
De-
Spreading
Path 1 Code (t-d3) „Finger 3“
(d1,a1)

Maximum
Ratio
Combining
Path 3 (d3, a3)
d: delay RAKE finger:
a: attenuation • Despreading ( MF-Info!)
• Phase correction
5 3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets • „Delay“ correction
Fig. 6 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 UTRA Aspects, 13)
 MultiUser Node B
Detection MUD

Interference Cancellation IC
MultiUser Detection MUD &
De- Data 1
UE 2: Spreading
Code 2 Code 1
De- Data 2
Spreading
Code 2
De- Data n
UE n: Spreading
Code n Code n

UE 1:
Code 1

BTS MUD:
• mainly for UL (in Node B)
(Node B) • reduces Intra-Cell interferences
 increases capacity
6 3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets
• reduces Near-Far problem
 UTRA handover

 The UE and BTS determine the quality and strength of a radio

transmission. The UE also determines the signal strength and
quality of its own and the local BTS's
 The measurement values are compiled in a measurement report
for use by the RNC as a basis for deciding for or against
handover

7 3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

 UTRA Aspects UE Measurement:
Connection quality & strength
+ strength of own & surrounding BTS

Measurement: Measurement Report

Connection quality & strength

BTS
Pre-processing of measurements
Measurement
Report
HOV
Decision

UMTS Handover Activation of new BTS

• decision similar GSM „Active Set“ Update
• initiated by RNC
RNC
• performed by UE

8 3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

Handover
Fig. 8 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 UTRA Aspects, 17)
9 3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets
Hard & Soft Handover

DL
UL DL UL DL

Hard Handover Soft Handover

10 3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

 Soft / Softer Handover

Soft Handover Softer Handover

• between sector cells
Node B • Combining via RAKE
• Node B internal

Sector cells
Node B
Iub

Node B
Node B
Iub

Iub
Combining / RNC Active
Splitting Set
Iu RNC
Active Set:
max. 3 Cells
11
CN
3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets
 Soft Handover
S-RNC: Serving RNC
D-RNC: Drift RNC
Inter-RNC HoV RR: Radio Resource

Node B
Iub

Node B

Node B RNC
Iub
Iub

Iur
Combining / RNC Active
Splitting Set
Iu • S-RNC: Combining/Splitting + RR allocation
• D-RNC: only RR allocation
• change D-RNC  S-RNC possible
12
CN
3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets
Location services
• Cell coverage based

• Observed time deference of arrival

• Hearability (idle BTS time )

• Not accurate

• Assisted GPS

13 3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

GPS
• 24 sat

• 20200 KM

14 3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets