Disaster

and
Disaster Risk
Lesson 1
 Objectives
 1. explain the meaning of disaster
 2. differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters
Climate Change
• Climate change can increase disaster risk in a variety
of ways – by altering the frequency and intensity of
hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and
changing exposure patterns.
Environmental Degradation
• It is both a driver and consequence of disasters,
reducing the capacity of the environment to meet
social and ecological needs.
Globalized Economic Development
• It resulted in increased polarization between the rich
and poor on a global scale.
Poverty and Inequality
• Poverty is both a driver and consequence of disasters, and
the processes that further disaster risk related poverty are
permeated with inequality.
Poorly-planned and Managed Urban
Development
• A new wave of urbanization is unfolding in hazard-exposed
countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient
investment emerge.
Weak Governance
• Weak governance zones are investment environments in
which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume
their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing
basic services and public services.
What word/s come into your mind about these
pictures?
How do you feel looking at these pictures?
Disaster is a dangerous situation or threat from
natural or man-made events that disrupt the
functions of individuals in a community.

A hazard is a threat to life, environment, or

property.

Risk is potential injury or loss of life

The failure to withstand the impacts of hazards

is called vulnerability.
 How can we reduce the impact of disaster?
Awareness, education, preparedness, and prediction and
warning systems can reduce the disruptive impacts of a natural
disaster on communities.
Mitigation is precautionary activities to prevent or
reduce the effects of a disaster.
Types of Hazards
 Natural hazards are caused naturally occurring

phenomena which can be biological, geological,

hydrological, meteorological, and climatological
in origin.
 Man-made hazards are caused by human

activities and occur near human settlements.

Disaster risk is defined as “the combination of the
probability of an event and its negative
consequences.”
 Hazard – any phenomenon ( plural : phenomena)

that can potentially cause damage to life,

property, or environment.
 Exposure – any element (people, property, or

system) that is present in a hazard and is prone

to potential loss.
 Vulnerability - feature of a community that

makes them prone and exposed to the negative

impacts of hazard
 A risk assessment is made to estimate the
potential economic, infrastructure, and social
impacts.
Information gathered from hazards, exposures,
vulnerabilities, and damages will give an
accurate risk assessment.
Disaster Risk Factors
 Physical – includes the concrete objects in a

community that can help or harm an individual

during a disaster
 Psychological – It involves the mental state of an

individual.
 Socio-cultural – This includes traditions,

religion, and social statuses in society.

 Economic – This includes resources in the

community.
 Biological – This includes the flora and fauna in

the environment, their health and diseases.

Disaster Risk Reduction

1. Disaster risk reduction aims to decrease the

risk level in communities.
2.Disaster risk reduction is implemented in order
to
◦ reduce vulnerability to life, property, or environment to
an existing hazard;
◦ reduce degree of exposure to hazards; and
◦ increase preparedness through proper mitigation
procedures.
Recap
-Disaster
 Hazard
 Vulnerability
 Mitigation
 Disaster Risk
 Risk assessment
Generalization

I’ve discovered on this lesson that __________

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