8 PARTS OF SPEECH

1. NOUN 5. ADVERB
2. PRONOUN 6. PREPOSITION
3. VERB 7. CONJUNCTION
8. INTERJECTION
4. ADJECTIVE
NOUNS
1.COMMON NOUNS
Nonspecific people, places, and
• PEOPLE
things.
• PLACES Examples: school, girl, dog, country, doctor
• THINGS 2. PROPER NOUNS
Specific people, places, and things.
Examples: People’s names, cities, countries, names
of streets, days of the week, months of the year.
Common Noun: They’re all waiting for us at the restaurant. 
Proper Noun: They’re all waiting for us at Bill’s Burgers.

I really want to live in the city.  

I really want to live in Korea.  

PRONOUNS
• Replace nouns.
• Three kinds:
1. Personal – I, You, He, She, It, We, They
Example: She is pretty.
2. Possessive – Mine, Yours, His, Hers, Theirs
Example: My pen won't work, can I borrow yours?
3. Demonstrative – These, Those, This, That
Example: Take these to the office.
VERBS
• Describe an action such as a physical or a mental action and a
state of being.
Example: dance, eat, buy, pay, laugh
• It can be changed from the present tense to the past tense and
the future tense.
Regular Verbs

• Follow a certain conjugation pattern.

• In English, the "usual" rule is to add "-ed" or "-d" to the base
form of the verb to create the past forms.
• Add "ed" to most verbs: jump > jumped

• If a verb of one syllable ends in [consonant-vowel-consonant], double the

final consonant and add "ed": chat > chatted

• If the final consonant is "w," "x," or "y," don't double it: sew > sewed

• If the last syllable of a longer verb is stressed and ends in [consonant-

vowel-consonant], double the last consonant and add "ed": incur >
incurred
• If the first syllable of a longer verb is stressed and the verb ends
[consonant-vowel-consonant], just add "ed": open > opened

• If the verb ends "e," just add "d": thrive > thrived

• If the verb ends [consonant + "y"], change the "y" to an "i" and add
"ed": cry > cried
With a regular verb, the simple past tense and the
past participle are the same. For example:

BASE FORM SIMPLE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

paint painted has painted
dance danced has danced
stop
Irregular Verbs
-Do not have a specific conjugation pattern.
With irregular verbs, however, the past forms can be
same or different. For example:

BASE FORM SIMPLE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

grow grew has grown
tell told has told
run ran has run
ADJECTIVES
• Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns.
• They are usually descriptive.
Example: The yellow cat.