CAPACITANCE OF T C NJENDA

TRANSMISSION LINES
The shunt admittance of a transmission line consists of conductance and capacitive
reactance.
Conductance is usually neglected because its contribution to shunt admittance is very
small.
Capacitance of a transmission line is the result of the potential difference between the
conductors; it causes them to be charged in the same manner as the plates of a capacitor
when there is a potential difference between them.
The capacitance between conductors is the charge per unit of potential difference.
Capacitance between parallel conductors is a constant depending on the size and spacing
of the conductors.
For power lines less than about 80 km (50 mi) long, the effect of capacitance can be slight
and is often neglected. For longer lines of higher voltage capacitance becomes increasingly
important.
Since capacitance is a shunt between conductors, charging current flows in a transmission
line even when it is open-circuited.
It affects the voltage drop along the lines as well as efficiency and power factor of the line
and the stability of the system of which the line is part.
Using Gauss's law for electric fields which states that the total electric charge
within a closed surface equals the total electric flux emerging from the surface.
In other words, the total charge within the closed surface equals the integral over
the surface of the normal component of the electric flux density.
ELECTRIC FIELD OF A LONG,
STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR
The electric flux density is

o q is the charge on the conductor in coulombs per meter of length

o x is the distance in meters from the conductor to the point where the electric flux
density is computed
The electric field intensity is
THE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LWO
POINTS DUE TO A CHARGE
 The potential difference between two points in volts is numerically equal to the work in joules per
coulomb necessary to move a coulomb of charge between the two points.
CAPACITANCE OF A TWO-
WIRE LINE
Capacitance between the conductors of a two-wire line is defined as the charge on
the conductors per unit of potential difference between them.
capacitance per unit length of the line is

The potential difference of the two wire line with cross section shown below
CAPACITANCE OF A TWO-
WIRE LINE

and since qa = -qb for a two-wire line

by combining the logarithmic terms, we obtain

CAPACITANCE OF A TWO-
WIRE LINE

  The capacitance between conductors is

 If = = r

Capacitance to ground or neutral is

CAPACITANCE OF A TWO-
WIRE LINE
Line to line capacitance

Line to neutral capacitance

CAPACITANCE OF A TWO-
WIRE LINE
The capacitive reactance between one conductor and neutral is

Capacitive susceptance is given by

CAPACITANCE OF A THREE-PHASE LINE WITH
EQUILATERAL SPACING

Diagram below shows a cross section of a three-phase line with equilateral spacing.
CAPACITANCE OF A THREE-PHASE LINE WITH
EQUILATERAL SPACING
 Voltage due to charge on conductors A and B

 Voltage due to charge on conductor C

CAPACITANCE OF A THREE-PHASE LINE WITH
EQUILATERAL SPACING

To show that all have been considered

By addition
CAPACITANCE OF A THREE-PHASE LINE WITH
EQUILATERAL SPACING


  If there are no other charges in the vicinity

Therefore

Voltage from line a to the neutral of the three-phase circuit

CAPACITANCE OF A THREE-PHASE LINE WITH
EQUILATERAL SPACING

Adding the previous equations we get

Substituting 3Van for Vab + Vac in

We get
CAPACITANCE OF A THREE-PHASE LINE WITH
EQUILATERAL SPACING

Since capacitance to neutral is the ratio of the charge on a conductor to the voltage
between that conductor and neutral,

The equations for inductance per conductor are the same for single-phase and
equilaterally spaced three-phase lines.
The charging current is

With neutral return its

CAPACITANCE OF A THREE-
PHASE LINE WITH
UNSYMMETRICAL SPACING
Cross section of a three-phase line with unsymmetrical spacing.
Using the figure shown three equations are found for Vab for the three different
parts of the transposition cycle.
With phase a in position 1, b in position 2, and c in position 3,

With phase a in position 2, b in position 3, and c in position 1,

with a in position 3, b in position 1, and c in position 2,

We obtain the average voltage by adding the equations for the three transposition
cycles and by dividing the result by 3.
The average voltage between conductors a and b, assuming the same charge on a
conductor regardless of its position in the transposition cycle is
By simplifying we get Vab

Where

In a similar manner

 to find the voltage to neutral, we have

Since

We also have