Basic Electronics

Prelim Lecture 2
Semiconductor
Prepared by:
Edison M. Bengco, PECE, MEP-ECE
1st Sem 2020-2021
Learning Outcomes
1. Familiarize to power supply parameters
2. Familiarize to clamper circuit
3. See and observed the biasing condition of power supply
and clamper circuit.
4. Experiencing to solve problem solving.
Comparison of Different Types of Rectifiers
• Half-wave rectifier needs only a single diode but
ripple is twice those of the other types.
• Full-wave rectifier requires a centre-tapped
transformer and its output voltage is about half
those of the other types.
• Bridge-type rectifier is best overall even though it
requires four diodes because the diode bridge is
often available in a single package. However, if a
single diode in the bridge is defective, the whole
package has to be replaced.
3
Clamper
 A clamping network is one that will “clamp” a signal to a different dc level. The
network must have a capacitor, a diode, and a resistive element, but it can also
employ an independent dc supply to introduce an additional shift.
 Before further probing into the clamper circuit one must have a basic
understanding of a transient RC circuit.
 From the basic understanding of a series RC transient circuit applied across a dc
voltage EO, the instantaneous charge across the capacitor at any time is given by

Q0=E0C where, C is the capacitance

of the capacitor.
We know that the time
constant τ = RC. The rise time
becomes smaller if we decrease
the time constant. Charging of a RC circuit
 The discharge will occur quickly if
the time constant of the circuit is
decreased.
The magnitude of R and C must be
so chosen that the time constant, τ =
RC, is large enough to ensure that the
voltage across the capacitor does not
discharge significantly during the
Discharging of an RC circuit
interval the diode is non-conducting.

 The clamping
circuit will clamp
the input signal to
the zero level.

Simple clamper circuit

  During the interval 0 –T/2 the network will appear, with the diode in the ON state
effectively “shorting out” the effect of the resistor R.
 The resulting RC time constant is so small that the capacitor will charge to V volts
very quickly. During this interval the output voltage is directly across the short circuit
and vo = 0 V.
 The diode will now be in the open-state condition. Applying KVL around the input
loop of figure will result in:

 The negative sign results from the

fact that the polarity of 2 V is
opposite to the polarity defined for
vo.
 For a clamping network the total
swing of the output is equal to the
total swing of the input.
State of the circuit in the negative half-cycle

Find: Theoretical and assumption value
2.) From the given figure 3 below.
Given: Npri = 72 turns, Nsec = 3 turns
RL = 2.3KΩ, Cf = 1539µF
Diode is made of Silicon
VFL = 19V, VNL = 27V
(a) Vp, Vdc, Vrms
•The(b)
rms%Ripple, Votage
value of the Regulation
secondary voltage from the
circuit in Figure 3 equals ___.
•The name of the circuit in Figure 3 is the ___.
•The peak value of the output voltage from the
circuit in Figure 3 equals ___.
•The output frequency from the circuit in Figure 3
is ___
•If one of the diodes opens in the circuit in Figure
3, then the output frequency is __
 Given: Vin = 5V, V1 = 3V, RL = 7.3KΩ, D is
made of germanium

2.) From the given figure 3 below. Sketch the output waveform and
compute the output voltage and output current

Given: Vin = 15V, V1 = 7V, R = 7.3KΩ,

D1 is made of silicon, C = 125µF
THANK YOU!