DESIGN OF JIGS, FIXTURES and PRESS

TOOLS
UNIT 1: Locating and Clamping Principles
Subject Code: ME8095

VARTHINI RAJAGOPAL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING SRIRANGAM
TIRUCHIRAPALLI
 Locating Methods
 Locating a plane/flat Surface
 Through solid supports
 Through adjustable supports,
 Through equalizing supports

 Locating from Cylindrical surfaces

 Internally through Conical/cylindrical locators
 Externally through “V”-locators

 Locating the profile/Irregular surfaces

 Through Sighting plate
 Through cylindrical pins
 Through eccentric locators
 Through nesting locators
17 August 2021
2
Through solid supports Locating a Flat Surface
 Easiest and cheapest.
 Less accurate.
 Used where machined surface acts as a locating
point

Through adjustable supports

 Used where surfaces are uneven
(casting,forging..)
 Threaded style is the easiest and more
economical.
 Adjustable locators consist of lock nut fixed
tightly against the workpiece and an adjustable
bolt whose height is varied using adjustable nut
 Adjustable locators are normally used with one
or more solid locators to allow any adjustment
17 August 2021
3 needed to level the work.
 Locating a Flat Surface
 Through equalizing supports
 They provide equal support through two connected contact points.
 As one point is depressed, the other raises and maintains contact with the part.
 This feature is especially necessary on uneven cast surfaces

17 August 2021
4
 Locating a Cylindrical surfaces
Internally through Conical/ cylindrical locators
 They are used to locate cylindrical holes in
components such as connecting rods.

 Locating a part from a hole or pattern is the most

effective way to accurately position work.

 Nine of the twelve directions of movement are

restricted by using a single conical pin, and eleven
directions of movement are restricted with two
pins.

 When possible, it is logical to use holes as primary

part locators.
17 August 2021
5 Adjustable locators are normally used with one or
 Locating a Circular/ Cylindrical surfaces
Externally through “V” locators
 ‘V’ locators, both fixed and movable, should be used
to locate approximately the outside surface of the
cylinder.

 This facilitates the centre of the cylindrical surface to

be positioned exactly.

 ‘V’ locators are provided with chamfers along their

vertical plane to provide a certain degree of
clamping or hold-down effect and arrest the
movement of the component.

 ‘V’ locators can also locate flat work with rounded

or angular ends and flat discs. 17 August 2021
6
 Locating a Circular/ Cylindrical surfaces
Externally through “V” locators
 The fixed type locator is normally fixed on the jig and the adjustable locator can be moved
axially to provide proper grip of V- band to the workpiece.

17 August 2021
7
 Locating a Profile/Irregular surfaces
Through Sighting plate
 A sighting plate is provided for rough
machining of simple components with less
accuracy.
 It is slightly bigger than the workpiece.
 The workpiece is placed on the plate in such a
way that there is equal margin on all the sides.

Through cylindrical pins

 The profile of the workpiece can be located by
confining the profile with cylindrical locating
pins.

8 17 August 2021
 Locating a Profile/Irregular surfaces
Through nesting locators
 In certain occasions, a casting could
take a special profile, which needs to
be machined, either drilled or milled.
 In such cases, the locators are so
manufactured like a nest or pocket to
suit the component profile that the
same sits in the predetermined
groove (Nest).
 The inside profile of the nest
matches with the outside of the
workpiece.
 The height of the nest should be
lesser than the workpiece to ease
unloading.
 A partial nest can be used.
17 August 2021
9
 Locating a Profile/Irregular surfaces
Through eccentric locators
 Variations in workpiece sizes from
batch to batch can be taken care of by
using eccentric locators whose
eccentricity can be set to suit the
workpieces in the batch.

 These are similar to cam profile and

are suitable when there is a likelihood
of variation in a particular dimension
in a component.

 In such cases, the eccentricities will

help in minor adjustments, which
facilitates the placement of
17 August 2021
10 components.
11
12
13
 Types of Locators
 Button, pin, and pad locators
 Cylindrical locators/ locating pins
 Conical locators
 Supporting pins/ Flat locators
 Adjustable pin locator
 Jack pin locator
 Diamond pin locator
 Equalising Jack
 V locators
 Bush locators
 Nest locators
 Eccentric locators

17 August 2021
14
Flat base
Button, pin, and pad locators
 Flat base is used for location of flat machined surfaces
of the component.
 In case of flat base, an undercut is provided for swarf
clearance at the bottom where two perpendicular
surfaces intersect each other.

Button/pin/pad locators
 Button/pin/pad locators can be adjusted to provide a
very fine location of the workpiece.
 There is no need to provide undercut for swarf
clearance.
 Buttons are round and have either a flat head or a
crowned head.
 Ground after heat treatment to have precise
dimensions
5
 Flat and crowned buttons are used against machined 17 August 2021

Button, pin, and pad
A round pin, button and plug locators are generally
locators
used to locate flat/ plane surfaces.

 Buttons are generally shorter in length than the pins

and are used mainly for vertical locating.

 A pin is a cylindrical component that is contacted on

its side.

 Pins are generally used for horizontal locating and side

stops.

 Pin and button type of locator can also be made to be

adjustable type(adjust the length according to
requirement).
 The locating buttons are either press fit type or
screwed type. 17 August 2021

16 Locators of larger size are known as plug.
 Button, pin, and pad locators
 Pads are usually flat components made from
steel and heat treated to similar hardness
levels.
 They are ground flat and parallel and are
lightly polished to make them smooth to
touch.
 They are used as base locators in cases
where buttons do not provide sufficient
bearing area.
 Pads are placed at locations not easily
accessible by the operator.
 Hence, the edges and corners of a pad are
usually not rounded or chamfered as the
edges on rest buttons
 Pads are fastened by means of screws with
counter sunk heads. 17 August 2021
17
 Cylindrical locators
 It is used for locating components having drilled
holes by providing constraints in two directions
in a horizontal plane.
 The cylindrical component to be located is
gripped by a cylindrical locator fitted to the jig’s
body and inserted in the drilled hole of the
component.
 The face of the jig’s body around the locator is
undercut to provide space called recess for swarf
clearance.
 Pin will bend if centreline of the hole is not
perfectly aligned with cetreline of locator.
 These locators can also locate profile or
irregular workpieces.
17 August 2021
18