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On September 24, 1929, made

a flight without outside visual
references. The consolidated
NY-2 airplane he flew, had an
artificial horizon, which gave
him an indication of the pitch
and roll attitude of the airplane
relative to the earth¶s surface.
He had also a sensitive
altimeter that showed the
airplane¶s altitude above the
ground within a few feet, and a
radio direction finder which
allowed him to determine his
position relative to the landing
area. With this equipments,
Doolittle proved that blind flight
indeed was possible.
ë
ë







r ëressure is the force differential between two points.
r The force exerted by the air that constantly
surrounds us is known as atmospheric pressure,
created by the weight of all the air that¶s sits on top
of the earth¶s surface.
r Because many factors cause atmospheric pressure
to vary, scientist have found it necessary to establish
an average or standard day ³pressure value´.
r This common reference for temperature and
pressure is called the International Standard
Atmosphere (ISA)


  


ë



rAbsolute ëressure
rGauge ëressure
rDifferential ëressure
Ô 

ë



r Absolute ëressure is the measurement of
pressure relative to a total vacuum.
r Atmospheric pressure is measured in absolute
terms in that it is compared to zero, or a
complete vacuum.
r Absolute pressure is often used in comparison to
other pressures. In order to make this
comparison, a devise called an aneroid wafer
was devised.
Ô




r Acceloremeter is an instrument that measures forces
acting on the airframe.

r The dynamic load acting on an aircraft in flight is

indicated on an accelerometer in G units (gravity
units).
 Auxiliary pointer
(plus G indication)

Main pointer

Auxiliary pointer
(minus G indication)

Reset knob
? 

r Synchroscope is an instrument that helps the pilot of
a twin-engine airplane synchronize the propellers.

r Monitors the electrical output of each tachometer

generator to determine the rotational speed of each
engine.



r Tachometer is a mechanical or electrical instrument
that displays engine r.p.m.

r A pilot uses this instrument to determine how much

power an engine is producing at a given throttle
setting, and to ensure is operating within its limits.

 


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