FURNITURE HISTORY AND TYPES

MATERIALS : WOOD
INTRODUCTION
Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue
found in the stems and roots of trees and other
woody plants. It is an organic material . A
natural composite of cellulose fibers that are
strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of
lignin that resists compression . It is can be
classified into types of timbers ; light hardwood
, medium hardwood , heavy hardwood ,
hardwood and softwood .
DEFINITION OF WOOD
The hard fibrous substance consisting basically
of xylem that makes up the greater part of the
stems , branches , and roots of trees or shrubs
beneath the bark and is found to a limited extent
in herbaceous plants . Wood suitable or prepared
for some use (such as burning or building) . A
dense growth of trees usually greater in extent
than a grove and smaller than a forest , often
used in plural but singular or plural in
construction .
wood
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE USE OF
WOOD
As a building material , wood offers
many environmental benefits that matter
to communities across the country . It is
the only major building material that is
renewable and sustainable . Using wood
also helps keep carbon out of the
atmosphere, helping to mitigate climate
change . Trees store carbon dioxide as
they grow .
Benefits of Using Wood
Renewable , Recyclable , Natural
Carbon Positive
Carbon Storage Benefits
Low Energy Production
Health and Wellbeing
Natural Insulation
Light Hardwood
ALAN
CHARACTERISTIC/TYPE OF WOOD ARA BINTANGOR
BUNGA

 YELLOW-BROWN WITH
A PINK TINGE
 LIGHT YELLOWISH
COLOUR/APPEARANCE  LIGHT YELLOW-BROWN  DEEP RED , RED-BROWN
PINK
 PINK-BROWN
 ORANGE-BROWN

 COARSE  COARSE
 SLIGHTLY COARSE
GRAIN/TEXTURE  STRAIGHT TO  INTERLOCKED
 GRAIN INTERLOCKED
INTERLOCKED GRAIN  SPIRAL OR WAVY GRAIN

 MODERATELY HARD
HARDENESS  MODERATELY DURABLE  MODERATELY DURABLE

 EASY TO WORK WITH  EASY TO WORK WITH  EASY TO WORK WITH

WORKABILITY BOTH HANDS AND BOTH HANDS AND BOTH HANDS AND
MACHINE TOOLS MACHINE TOOLS MACHINE TOOLS

 THE TIMBER IS NON-

DURABILITY  MODERATELY HARD  MODERATELY DURABLE
DURABLE

 FURNITURE  PLYWOOD
 FLOORING
MANUFACTURE  DISPOSABLE
 DECKING
 PLYWOOD CHOPSTICKS
 PANELLING
 INTERIOR FINISHING  PACKING BOXES AND
 MOULDINGS
COMMON USES  PANELLING CRATES
 JOINERY
 MOULDINGS  WOODEN SANDALS
 CABINET MAKING
 JOINERY  PANELLING
 FURNITURE
 LIGHT CONSTRUCTION  MOULDINGS
 RAILWAY SLEEPERS
Medium Hardwood
CHARACTERISTIC/TYPE OF
KASAI MENGKULANG MERANSI
WOOD

 RED-BROWN TO DARK  RED-BROWN WITH AN

COLOUR/APPEARANCE  RED OR RED-BROWN
RED-BROWN ORANGE HUE

 COARSE
 SLIGHTLY TO
 COARSE  THE PRESENCE OF THE
MODERATELY COARSE
 STRAIGHT OR EXTREMELY LARGE RAYS
GRAIN/TEXTURE  STRAIGHT TO
SHALLOWLY  GRAIN IS STRAIGHT
SHALLOWLY
 INTERLOCKED GRAIN  INTERLOCKED OR
 INTERLOCKED GRAIN
SLIGHTLY WAVY

 MODERATELY DURABLE  THE TIMBER IS

HARDENESS  DURABLE TO DRY
TIMBER  MODERATELY DURABLE

 SOMETIMES DIFFICULT
 EASY TO WORK WHEN TO WORK DUE TO THE  EASY TO WORK WITH BOTH
WORKABILITY
GREEN OCCURRENCE OF SILICA HAND AND MACHINE TOOLS
IN THE WOOD TEXTURE 

 MODERATELY DURABLE  POORLY DURABLE TO

TIMBER WITH AN FUNGI AND IS DURABLE  THE TIMBER IS
DURABILITY
AVERAGE SERVICE LIFE TO DRY WOOD BORERS ; MODERATELY DURABLE
OF 5 YEARS SAPWOOD DEMARCATED

 SILLS  INTERIOR FINISHING

 RAILWAY SLEEPERS  DECORATIVE WORKS  DECORATIVE WORKS
 JOINERY  SUPERIOR JOINERY  PANELLING
 CABINET MAKING  CABINET MAKING  MOULDINGS
COMMON USES
 VEHICLE BODIES  INTERIOR FINISHING  JOINERY
(PLANKING)  PANELLING  CABINET
 SHIP AND BOAT  MOULDINGS  MAKING
BUILDING (KEELS)  HIGH CLASS FURNITURE
Heavy Hardwood
CHARACTERISTIC/TYPE OF WOOD MERBAU ALAN BATU CHENGAL

 YELLOWISH TO ORANGE-
 LIGHT GREYISH
BROWN WHEN FRESH
COLOUR/APPEARANCE BROWN  LIGHT YELLOW-BROWN
 DARKENING DARK RED-
 DEEP REDDISH BROWN
BROWN

 COARSE WITH  COARSE WITH  SHALLOWLY TO DEEPLY

GRAIN/TEXTURE
INTERLOCKED GRAIN INTERLOCKED GRAIN INTERLOCKED GRAIN

HARDENESS  MODERATELY HARD  MODERATELY HARD  MODERATELY HARD

 MODERATELY EASY TO
RESAW AND CROSS-CUT  MODERATELY EASY TO
 SLIGHTLY TO RESAW AND
WORKABILITY WHEN GREEN BUT IS RESAW AND CROSS-
CROSS-CUT
SLIGHTLY DIFFICULT WHEN CUT
DRIED

 DURABLE UNDER EXPOSED  MODERATELY

DURABILITY  MODERATELY DURABLE
CONDITIONS DURABLE

 INTERIOR FINISHING
 FLOORING
 PANELLING  RAILWAY SLEEPERS
 INTERIOR FINISHING
 MOULDINGS  HEAVY DUTY FURNITURE
 PANELLING
 OFFICE FITTINGS  LABORATORY BENCHES
 MOULDINGS
COMMON USES  FLOORING (HEAVY  BRIDGES
 FURNITURE
TRAFFIC)  MARINE CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURE
 SUPERIOR JOINERY  BOAT BUILDING
 TOOL HANDLES
 CABINET-MAKER
(IMPACT)
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
 LIGHT HARDWOOD
Types of Wood

AR
MEDIUM A
ALAN BINTANGO
HARDWOOD
BUNGA R
HEAVY
KAS MERAN HARDWOOD
AI SI
MENGKUL
ANG ALAN
BATU
MERBA CHENG
 Conclusion
Statements such as “wood is an environmentally friendly material” or
“wooden houses can function as carbon storage sites” are often made
but rarely backed up with scientific proof . The chapters of this book
fill in some knowledge gaps by applying advanced methods for
determining the carbon footprint of wooden buildings during their full
life cycles . This goes under the condition that forests are managed so
as to maintain or increase forest carbon stocks .