Fabric and Garments

Designing Techniques
1
BTVTED – GFD 2A

By:

Azores, Grace

Dela Rama, Ana Andrea

Lozano, Erika Mae

 LESSON 3

Elements of Design
and their Effects
IMPORTANCE:

– To create, recognize, or criticize design or any object of art

– To achieve effectively what is pleasing not just to the eyes of the beholder but
brings confidence and grace to our personality
– It is aligned to the dresses we must be wearing
– A great factor that will contribute a lot to our personality development
Art and Design
– the application of skill and taste that make a thing beautiful.

Clothes
– are worn for their art qualities which makes us more attractive and confident.
- Are worn to emphasize the good points and hide the defects or imperfection of
our physical trait.
Principles of Design
- to express a principle in good outfit

1. PROPORTION
Involves the relationship of me part to another

Uneven relationships are more interesting than even ones.

The division should be ½ and 2/3 of an area. (law of area)

Equality in proportion should be avoided

Choosing accessories should always considered

ex. Woman with large features would not choose a small bag
or a small hat which will make her feature even larger, or vice-
versa.
Principles of Design
2. BALANCE
 The feeling of rest and equilibrium
 Essential to the total design of a costume
 When use in color, essential for a pleasing effect
according to the law of areas:
o large areas of color should be low in intensity
o small area of intense color will balance a large area of dulled color
o very dark value such (black or charcoal gray)
o may balanced by a small amount of pure white
o medium gray requires a larger area of a pale gray
a.) Formal or Symmetrical
Balance

- when two sides of a design are alike on

either side of its vertical center.
b.) Informal Balance or
Asymmetrical Balance

- using space, color, and varying

importance of objects to produce a feeling
of rest

- more difficult to achieve but lends herself

to more interesting arrangements.
c) Radical Balance

- major parts of the garments design

radiate from the central part of the
government; creating a sun burst.
Principles of Design

3. Harmony
 The pleasing combination of hues values, and intensity

4. Emphasis
 One part of a design must be more important than the other parts
 The eye should go first to this part
 The repetition of line or placement of color is applied to achieved emphasis
 Design which is too “busy” loses its point of emphasis; becomes confusing
 Good design in dress leads the eye to the most attractive feature of face or
figure.
 Principles of Design

5. Rhythm
 The movement of the eye from
one part of the design to other
parts.
 Could be depicted through:
a.) Repetition

- Regular recurrence of motifs of : design,

shapes, buttons, tucks, pleats, laces,
edgings, color, textures, fabric design
- Can be done with all parts having the
same shaped edges.
- The must common ways of attaining
rhythms
 b.) Progression
- Gradation; a gradual increase or decrease
of similar design elements.
- Provide continuity while giving a feeling of
movement.
Examples:
Colors from light to dark
Textures from fine to coarse or vice versa
Shapes range from small to large
Lines range from thin to thick
c.) Transition
- a fluid rhythm created when a curved
line leads the eye over an angle
- Curved lines of transition: change
direction gradually rather than
abruptly
- Transitional lines and shapes:
sweep and glide over the figure in an
undulating rhythm gracefully and easily
from – area or direction to another

Found in:

dropped shoulder designs

puff sleeves

cap sleeves
d.) Radiation
- creates a feeling of movement in different
directions
originates from: folds

tricks

darts

pleats and lines

direction: similar or one direction

opposing direction or both the directions

several directions and all directions

e.) Continuous Line Movement

– unifies the garment design bringing about

harmony
 obtained by flowing lines of:

trims

bands of color

fabric designs
In determining whether or not a clothing is suitable for you
and to be well-dress person:

• Consider carefully the design of the garment

• Do not wear a garment that does not suit your
personality
• The color must be appropriate to your skin tone as well
as to the kind of occasion
• Understand and apply the design properly
 Types of Design
- a design suggest the contour of
the body
 a.) Structural Design

- Formed by the arrangement of lines, forms, colors and textures

- Follows the natural body lines

- Create beauty to the finished garment

- Structural design in a garment of solid-colored fabric:

silhouette sleeves

neckline length

placement of the waistline

location and fitting of darts and tricks
b.) Decorative Design
- The surface enrichments of a structural design
- Gives emphasis to certain areas
- May consists of:
unusual buttons
belt buckle
contrasting collar and cuffs
NOTE:
- Structural design is for more important than decorative
design
-Every garment has it, while decorative may or may not
be added
- Simplify is the keynote to beauty
 Elements of Design
1. Line
- The basic part of any design
- May be :
horizontaldiagonal
vertical down-sweeping
straight up-sweeping
curvedangular
radiating
- Capable of creating interesting illusions
a.) Horizontal
- Gives the impression of shorter and heavier
b.) Vertical
- Gives the impression of height
3 Main Groups of Lines
a. Lines of
Repetition

- Follow each other

- Closest harmony
b. Contrasting
Lines
- Go at opposite angles or in
different directions

- Create the least harmony

c. Transition
Lines

- Modify or soften contrasting lines

- Give a qualifying effect which allow

opposing lines to be used together with less
starting effect
 2. Form
- Refers to the shape of an object as
determined by line
- In costume design, silhouette is the
term used, which may :
Repeat
Contrast
transitional

- Lines of address that repeats the form of

the body too closely, produces
uncomfortable, restricting effect

- Silhouette, which is completely opposed to

the lines of the figure distorts rather than
enhances the total design
 - The surface quality of fabric
3. Texture - Appeals strongly to the sense of touch

coarse wrinkled fine sleek

smooth glossy

rough slippery

- Affected by weave, finishes and the nature of the fibers and

yarns used in weaving

- Can create illusions

- One must choose that will harmonize with the over-all design.

- Affects color; same contrast is desirable to add interest, too

great contrast creates disunity

rough texture - dulls color

shiny, smooth texture – intensifies hue

Example :
satin evening dress gives gloss and sheen effect
velvet skirt with silk crepe blouse combines consistent purpose
velvet skirt with cotton seercucker blouse is unthinkable
pig skin shoes and gloves with woolen suite creates pleasant costume
patent leather accessories with embossed cotton summer dress make delightful accents in a
harmonious costume
– Affects the apparent size of the design
*bulky and rough fabrics – tend to increase size
*smooth fabrics – decrease size
4. Shape

- Makes the person more flattering if

choose of clothing shape is right
- Wide, full shapes, will make you
look smaller
- Straight, tubular shapes, will make
the wearer taller
- Fitted, will reveal natural body
contours
- Is light, contains within itself all the sun’s rays when it is broken
into wave length of light, produced by sensation upon the retina
of the eye
5. Color
- One’s reaction to color are both physiological and psychological

- Varying properties of color:

*skillful use of line and proportion

*make a large object appear smaller, vice- versa

*bring an object nearer or seem farther away

- Affects emotion:

Cheerful

subdued

melancholy
- A powerful element in our life; it has vibration that affects us
 Use of Color in Clothes
1. Black, dark tones or deeply grayed colors tend to make the figure appear smaller or slimmer than bright or
light colors
2. A plain color makes the figure look slimmer than a combination of contrasting colors. A two- toned effect
broken across the figure makes it look shorter and broader. A lengthwise contrast helps to give an illusion of
slenderness. Large points or plaids may make the figure appear large or heavier
3. A very small figure should not wear over large designs in prints, plaids, or stripes; person with large figure
should avoid it as well as a too- clarity design. Choose motifs that are moderate and avoid conspicuous or too
– sharply designed
4. Contrast and accent should be done with care
* a touch of red on many blue at the throat or shoulder is smarter that a repeated accent
* for those with figure problem (large bust or hips) place color contrast in a way that it draws away the eye
and emphasize a good point.
 Dominant harmony
– The simplest harmony
– Two or more tones of one color
– One color pervades
tints and shades of brown
tints and shades of green.
 Analogous harmony
– Two or more colors alike in some ways but different in others.
– Based on the contrast in value
examples
red, red – violet, and violet
 Contrasting harmony
– Combination of two colors which are different in hue and which require a third color to bring them
together
– The hardest color to combine
 Sage-green
 Cream
 Rose and black
 Black or gold
 Gray – blue
 Red with black or gold
Classification of Colors

According to some – fashion designers, in

wearing appropriate dress:
1. Consider the law of the dressing scheme
* emphasize the harmonious combination and becomingness of the colors
2. Consider the color of the eyes, hair and complexion
* white complexioned
- prefer light colors (green is the best and tint of orange and blue and red, creamy and white)
*fair complexioned:
- can wear light or dark colors ( old rose, deep reals yellow gold
- avoid medium values (gray, blue gray, light and dark lane and love green)
*Pale faced:
- avoid brilliant colors
*yellow complexion:
- need light tan and natural color

*dark complexion:
- can wear broken orange needs adds life and personality.
References:
– https://www.pinterest.ph/amp/amadalone/fashion-styling-proportion
– https://lapparel.wordpress.com/planning-garment-design/principles-of-design/
– https://www.atomretro.com/product_info.cfm?product_id=21443&d=traffic-pe
ople-retro-60s-mood-harmony-dress-red
– https://in.pinterest.com/pin/39202432534963140/
– https://qqq.pinterest.ph/pin/7062207852892095/20
– https://www.pimterest.com/pin/199143614748471836/
– https://www.slideshare.net/raasjhashreeilangovan/fashionprincipals-of-design
– https://www.pinterest.com.au/amp/kaitlinpolmear/gradation-radiation-repetiti
on-and-gradation/
– https://purushu.com/2010/08/elements-of-design-in-fashion.html/amp
– Principle and Elements of Design Module
References:
– https://lapparel.wordpress.com/planning-garment-design/garment-design-for-different-ladies-appar
el/
– https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/300263500148159500/
– https://h5.aliexpress.com/item/32982264814.html
– https://www.moodymonday.co.uk/2015/06/texture-in-fashion-design/
– https://slideplayer.com/amp/4527017/
– https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/551902129333196612/
– https://www.elledecor.com/design-decorate/color/a27793858/analogous-color-scheme/
– https://www.thespurcecrafts.com/definition-if-complementsry-colors-2577513
– https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/390536598913400705/