Module 5

Week 2

DERIVATIVES
Title Lorem
Nicholets J. Ramos Ipsum
Sit Dolor Amet
  DERIVATIVES

The expression computes more than just the

slope of the tangent line. The fraction in the limit
also gives us the relative change of the function
on the time or space interval [xo,x]. Thus we may
interpret this limit as the instantaneous rate of
change of f with respect to x. Therefore we can
used this in finding the slope of the tangent line
or in finding the instantaneous rate of change.
 DERIVATIVES
Let f be a function defined on an open interval
and let xo Є I. The derivative of f at xo is defined
to be:
 

f ‘(xo) =

if this limit exists. That is, the derivative of f at

xo is the slope of the tangent line at [xo, f (XO)],
if it exists.
DERIVATIVES
Notation:
If y = f (x), the derivative of f is commonly denoted by
  𝒅𝒚
y ’ , f ’(x) , , Dx
   
[f (x)]
𝒅𝒙 ,

Alternative Definition of the Derivative:

 
 
f ’(x) = or f ’(x) =
 EXAMPLES
 

I. Compute for
a. f (x) = 3x – 1
b. f (x) = 3x2 + 4
c. f (x) =

d. f (x) =
1. f(x) = 3x – 1 Find: f ’(x)

f ’(x) =  
  𝟑𝒉
•f ’(x)
  = 𝒉
 
(x + h) - 1 - (3x – 1) f ’(x) =
 𝒍𝒊𝒎 3____________________________
f ’(x) = 𝒉 → 𝟎
h
f ’(x) = 3
  -
3x + 3h 1 3x + 1 -
_______________________________
f ’(x) =
h
 1. The Limit of a constant is equal to itself. If k is any constant, then
k=k
3. f (x) = 3x2 + 4
h (6x + 3h)
= 𝒍𝒊𝒎 _________
   
f ’(x) = 𝒉→𝟎 h
2
(x + h) + - (3x2 + 4)
 𝒍𝒊𝒎 _____________________
3 4
=
= 𝒍𝒊𝒎
 
𝒉→𝟎
h 𝒉→𝟎
(6x + 3h)
 
𝒍𝒊𝒎  3 ( + 2hx + ) + 4 -
__________________________3x 2
-4
= 𝒉→𝟎
f ’(x) = 6x
h
  + 4 - 3x2 - 4
3 + 6hx + 3
 𝒍𝒊𝒎 __________________________
= 𝒉→𝟎
h
 
6hx + 3
 𝒍𝒊𝒎 _________
= 𝒉→𝟎
h
  5h
4. f (x) = 𝒍𝒊𝒎
  _________________
= 𝒉→𝟎
h (x + 4)(x + h + 4)
 
f ’(x) =
5
___________
x + h - 1 - −𝟏
________  𝐱 f ’(x) =
𝐱 +𝟒 (x + 4)(x + 4)
x+h +4
=  𝒍𝒊𝒎 _________________
𝒉→𝟎 h
(x + 4) (x + h - 1) - (x – 1) (x + h + 4)
_____________________________ 5
_________
f ’(x) =  
(x + 4)(x + h + 4)
 𝒍𝒊𝒎 ______________________________ (
= 𝒉→𝟎
h
(x + 4)(x + h – 1) - (x – 1)(x + h + 4)
 𝒍𝒊𝒎 _____________________________
= 𝒉→𝟎
h (x + 4)(x + h + 4)
  𝟐
= 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒙 + xh - x + 4x + 4h - 4  
- - xh - 4x + x + h + 4
_____________________________________
𝒉→𝟎 h(x + 4)(x + h + 4)
5. f(x) =
 
Find: f ’(x)

 
f ’(x) =

f ’(x)
𝒍𝒊𝒎
  √ 𝒙+𝒉+𝟖
 
- √ 𝒙+𝟖
 
= 𝒉 → 𝟎 _____________________________ . √ 𝒙+𝒉+𝟖+ √ 𝒙 +𝟖
 
________________________________
h
√ 𝒙+𝒉+𝟖+ √ 𝒙 +𝟖
 

 
x + h + 8 - (x + 8)
_______________________________
f ’(x) =
h
 
√ 𝒙+𝒉+𝟖+ √ 𝒙 +𝟖
f ’(x) =
 
x+h+8 -x -8
_______________________________
 
h
  𝒍𝒊𝒎
  𝟏   𝟏  
√ 𝒙 +𝟖
f ’(x) = 𝒉 → 𝟎 f ’(x) = .
√ 𝒙 +𝒉+𝟖+ √ 𝒙+ 𝟖 𝟐 √ 𝒙+ 𝟖 √ 𝒙 +𝟖

f ’(x) =
 
f ’(x) =
 
√ 𝒙+𝟖
𝟐( 𝒙+𝟖)

𝟏  
f ’(x) =
𝟐 √ 𝒙+ 𝟖
 4. f(x) = sin x, Find: f ’(x)

••f ’(x) =

f ’(x) =
  sin(x + h) - sin x
---------------------------------------
h
f ’(x) =   sin x cos h + cos x sin h - sin x
------------------------------------------------------------------------
h

-sin x + sin x cos h + cos x sin h

f ’(x) = 𝒍𝒊𝒎 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 
𝒉→𝟎
h
 - sin x (1 – cos h)     cos 𝑥 sin h
 
f ’(x) = ---------------------------------------- +
h h
0 1
  𝟏− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒉  
f ’(x) = - sin x 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒉 + cos x
𝒉→𝟎
 Special Limits:
1. = 1
f ’(x) = - sin x (0) + cos x (1)
2. = 0
f ’(x) = cos x  
3. = 1
  f(x) =
6. Find: f ’(x)
1  Special Limits:
 
•f  ’(x) =   𝒙
f ’(x) = 𝒆 1. = 1

  𝒙+𝒉  -
f ’(x) 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒆
 
= 𝒉→𝟎 _______________ 𝒙
2. = 0
f ’(x) =   𝒆 (1)  
h
3. = 1
  𝒙  (
f ’(x) ¿ 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒆
𝒙
  ___________________ f ’(x) = 𝒆
 
𝒉→𝟎
h
Activity 5: Answer odd numbers only

For each of the following functions, find the indicated

derivative using the definition of the derivative.
 1. f (x) = x2 – 4x + 1 f ’(2)  11. f (x) = x2cosx f ’(0)
2. f (x) = x3 + 2 f ’(-2) 12. f (x) = f ’(-1)
3. f (x) = 2x4 + 3x3 – 2x + 7 f ’(0) 13. f (x) = f ’(9)
4. f (x) = f ’(1) 14. f (x) = f ’(3)
5. f (x) = 1 + f ’(2) 15. f (x) = tan3x f ’()
6. f (x) = f ’(-3) 16. f (x) = 2cosx – 3sin(2x) f ’()
7. f (x) = f ’(-1) 17. f (x) = 1 – 3sin2 x f ’()
8. f (x) = f ’(1) 18. f (x) = x ex f ’(1)
9. f (x) = f ’(2)  
10.f (x) = 2sin( f ’(-3) 19. f (x) = f ’(1/2)
20. f (x) = f ’(1)
 Module 6
Week 2

The differentiation
rules
Nicholets J. Ramos
 CONSTANT
RULE
If f(x) = c where c is a constant, then f ’(x) = 0
“The derivative of a constant is equal to zero”

EXAMPLES
1. f (x) = 10 3. f (x) = 5π
f’ (x) = 0 f’ (x) = 0
 
2. f (x) = -  
4. f (x) =
f’ (x) = 0
f’ (x) = 0
 POWER RULE

If f(x) = where n ∈ N, then f ’(x) =

 

PROOF:
f (x) = xn

 
f ’(x) =
 
   ( 𝒙+𝒉)𝒏 − 𝒙 𝒏
f ’(x) =  𝒍𝒊𝒎
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉
  𝒙 𝒏 +𝒏𝒙 𝒏 −𝟏 𝒉+. .. 𝒏𝒙𝒉 𝒏 −𝟏+ 𝒉𝒏 − 𝒙 𝒏
 
f ’(x) =
𝒉
𝒏 −𝟏 𝒏 −𝟐 𝒏 −𝟏
 
  𝒉(𝒏𝒙 +. ..+𝒏𝒙𝒉 +𝒉 )
f ’(x) =
𝒉
f ’(x) =    
(𝒏𝒙 𝒏 −𝟏 +. ..+𝒏𝒙𝒉 𝒏 −𝟐+ 𝒉𝒏 −𝟏 )

𝒏 −𝟏
f ’(x) = 𝒏𝒙 
EXAMPLES
 
 
1. f (x) = 2. f (x) =
𝟑 −𝟏
f’ (x) = 3( 𝒙)
 
 
f (x) =
 
f’ (x) =
  −𝟐 −𝟏
f’ (x) = - 2(𝒙)
 
f’ (x) =

 
f’ (x) =
 CONSTANT
MULTIPLE RULE

If f (x) = k h(x) where k is a constant,

then f ’(x) = k h’(x)
EXAMPLES
 
1. f (x) =
  4. f (x) =
 𝟑 − 𝟏
 
f’ (x) 5
  𝟒 f (x) =
x
=  𝟏
f’ (x) =
 
𝟒  
f’ (x) =
f’ (x) =
 
 
f’ (x) =

2. f (x) = - 2𝐱 3. f (x) = 5𝐱  
f’ (x) =
f’ (x) = - 2 f’ (x) = 5
 

GENERAL POWER
RULE n≠1

EXAMPLE 1

 
f (x) =

f’ (x) = 3 ( 2 𝑥 − 3 )3 − (12 )

 
f’ (x) = 6
 

GENERAL POWER
RULE n≠1

EXAMPLE 2
 
 
f’ (x) =
* f (x) =   𝟏  
√ 𝒙 +𝟖
.
f (x) = f ’(x) =
𝟐 √ 𝒙+ 𝟖 √ 𝒙 +𝟖
f’ (x) =
f’ (x) = f ’(x) =
  √ 𝒙+𝟖
𝟐( 𝒙+𝟖)
 

GENERAL POWER
RULE n≠1

EXAMPLE 3
 

f (x) =
f (x) =
f’ (x) =
f’ (x) =
 
GENERAL POWER
RULE n≠1

EXAMPLE 4

y =
   - 2
yʼ = ________________
  𝟒
𝟑
 
yʼ= (𝟐 𝒙 −𝟓) 𝟑

𝟏    −
𝟒
− 𝟑
y ʼ = 𝟑 (𝟐 𝒙 −𝟓) 𝟑  (6
 SUM RULE
 

If f(x) = g(x) + h(x), then f’(x) = g’(x) +

h’(x)
 
= +
EXAMPLE

1. f (x) = 3x2 + 4
𝟐 −𝟏  
f’ (x) = 3(2)( 𝒙)
 
+𝟎

f’ (x) = 6x
Activity 6:

1. y = x2 – 3x + 4

2. y = 2x3 – 6x2 -2x + 1

3. y = 2x2(x-3)2
 Module 7
Week 2

DERIVATIVES
Title Lorem
Nicholets J. Ramos Ipsum
Sit Dolor Amet
 PRODUCT
  RULE

If f(x) = g(x)•h(x), then f’(x) = g(x)•h’(x) +

h(x)•g’(x)
 
 
=u +v
= uv + uw + v
  Example 1 y=2 Find: y’

•y  = 2 • y  = 2

𝟐
y ʼ =  2 (2)(x – 3) +  ( 𝒙 −𝟑) (4x)  
y=2
 
yʼ =  
4 +  
4x y=2
 
y ʼ = 4x(x – 3) [ x + (x – 3) ] y ʼ =  8 - 36 + 36x

y ʼ = 4x(x – 3)(2x – 3) y ʼ = 4x  (2

y ʼ = 4x(x – 3)(2x – 3)
 Example 2: y = (3 Find: y ʼ =u +v

•y  = (3 •y  = (3
y ʼ=  (3 (2x – 3) +  ( 𝒙𝟐 −𝟑 𝒙) (6x)  
y=3
y ʼ=  6 y ʼ =  𝟏𝟐 𝒙 𝟑  - 27 - 8x + 12

y ʼ=  12
 Example 3: y = Find: y ʼ
 
=u +v

•  y =
  𝟑 𝟓   𝟑 𝟒
y ʼ = (𝟑 𝒙 +𝟐 ) (4) (𝟑 𝒙 −𝟑) (6x) + (𝟑 𝒙 −𝟑) (5) ( 𝟑 𝒙
𝟐 𝟑
    𝟐 𝟒
+𝟐 )  (9
   
 
y ʼ = 24x + 45
𝟑 𝟒    𝟑 𝟏
(𝟑 𝒙 −𝟑) [ 8 ( 𝟑 𝒙
 
y ʼ = 3x ( 𝟑 𝒙 +𝟐 ) 𝟐 𝟑
) 𝟐 𝟏
+𝟐 + 15x (𝟑 𝒙 −𝟑) ]
 

y ʼ =  3x (  24 + 16 +  45 - 45x )

 
y ʼ =  3x (69)
  
Example 4: y = Find: y ʼ  
=u +v
•  y=
  𝟏   𝟐
−
y ʼ = (𝟑 − 𝟐 𝒙 ) (-2)  (𝟏− 𝟑 𝒙 )−𝟑 (- 3) +  (𝟏− 𝟑 𝒙 )−𝟐  () (𝟑 −𝟐 𝒙𝟐 )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
(- 4x)
yʼ = 6
   𝟒𝒙 
-
  𝟑  
18 - 4x
yʼ = ____________________________________________________________________________

𝟐
3
 𝟐   −
y ʼ = (𝟑 −𝟐 𝒙 ) 𝟑  (𝟏− 𝟑 𝒙 )−𝟑 [ 9  (𝟑 −𝟐 𝒙𝟐 ) - 2x (1 – 3x) ]
𝟐
𝟑
 
 
yʼ = ( 27 -  18 - 2x + 6 )
  - 2 ( 12 + 2x - 27 )
 
_____________________________
yʼ =  
(-12 - 2x + 27) y ʼ=   𝟐
𝟑
3 (𝟑 −𝟐 𝒙 )
𝟐 𝟑 
(𝟏− 𝟑 𝒙 )
 
Activity 7: Find the derivative of the following.
1. y = (2x + 1)(x – 3)
2. y = (5 - 3x4 )3(3 - x2)4
3. y =