Properties of

Matter,
Energy and
Power
By: Engr. Sandra E. Abancio,
RME
What is Thermodynamics?
Thermodynamics is a branch of the physical sciences that
treats of various phenomena of energy and the related
properties of matter, especially of the laws of
transformation of heat into other forms of energy and vice
versa.
System of Units
• a = kF/m
• where k is a proportionality constant

Systems of units where k is unity but not dimensionless:

cgs system: 1 dyne force accelerates 1 g mass at 1 cm/s2
mks system: 1 newton force accelerates 1 kg mass at 1 m/s2
fps system: 1 lb force accelerates 1 slug mass at 1 ft/s2
 Acceleration

A unit of force is one that produces unit acceleration in a

body of unit mass.
1 poundal = (1lbm)(1 ft/s2)
where: F is force in poundals
m/k is mass in pounds
a is acceleration in ft/s2
1 pound = (1 slug)(1ft/s2); 1 slug = (1 lbf . s2)/ft
where: F is force in pounds
m/k is mass in slugs
a is acceleration in ft/s2
Mass and Weight

The mass of a body is the absolute quantity of

matter in it. The weight of a body means the force
of gravity Fg on the body.
Specific Volume, Density and Specific
Weight
The density ρ of any substance is its mass (not weight) per unit
volume.
ρ = m/V
The specific volume v is the volume of a unit mass.
v = V/m = 1/ρ
The specific weight γ of any substance is the force of gravity on
unit volume
Pressure
• By using manometers
• By using pressure gages
Conservation of Mass
• The law of conservation of mass states that mass is indestructible.
• The quantity of fluid passing through a given section is given by the formula.
V = Av
m = V/v = Av/v = Avρ
where: V = volume flow rate
A = cross sectional area of the stream
v = average speed
m = mass flow rate
Applying the law of conservation of mass,
m = A1ѵ1/v1 = A2 ѵ2/v2
Temperature
A physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses hot and cold. It is
the manifestation of thermal energy, present in all matter, which is the
source of the occurrence of heat, a flow of energy, when a body is in contact
with another that is colder.
Energy
Energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order
to perform work on or to heat the object. Energy is conserved quantity; the law of
conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not
created or destroyed.
Thanks and
Keep Safe!