Toxemia

(Blood poisoning)
Presence of toxins in the blood stream
Derived from bacteria

Body cells

Does not include;

Toxicity caused by toxic plants,
insects, organic and inorganic poisons
Etiology
Toxins

Antigenic Metabolic

Exotoxins

Endotoxins
Exotoxins
Protein substances produced by
bacterial growth out side the body
environment

Example
Black leg
Enterotoxaemia
Botulism
Endotoxins
Lipopolysachrides found in
bacterial cell wall

Example
E. coli
Salmonella
Conybacteria spp.
Metabolic toxins

Accumulated due to the incomplete elimination

of toxic metabolites

Normally eliminated from blood through urine,

feces or detoxified by the liver

Example
Intestinal impaction: Results in autointoxication
of phenol, cresol, amines from intestines
Metabolic toxins
Example
In hepatitis: Metabolites like glycine, cystene,
glucuronic acid, sulfuric acid are not detoxified by
the liver

Body tissue damage, histamine and histamine

like substances

Over eating of carbohydrate rich diet

Clinical signs
Depression, lethargy, anorexia

Separation from group

Constipation occasionally diarrhea

In antigenic toxemia, Inc: in body temp. while in

metabolic toxemia, sub normal body temp.

At terminal stages, muscular weakness, collapse and

death
Treatment
Continuous fluid and electrolytes
therapy

Antibiotics

Antipyretics

Steroid therapy