STATISTICS

Engr. Maria Cecille Naga,

CLSSYB, MSIEM
STATISTICS
◦ A process of collecting,
organizing, presenting, analyzing,
interpreting data in order to draw
out conclusions.
TYPES of STATISTICS
Descriptive Statistics
- Statistics that involves collection,
organization and presentation of data.
- A type of statistics which not
requires deeper analysis to drawn out
conclusion.
TYPES of STATISTICS
Inferential Statistics
- “Infer” from inference
means to drawn out.
- A type of statistics that
requires a deeper analysis on
data.
 Terminologies
◦ Data refers to the collection of factual information.
◦ Statistics is the analysis of the data gathered.
◦ Population refers to large (entire) collection of data
◦ Sample refers to a part of a population.
◦ Parameter refers to the measurement of a population.
◦ Statistic refers to the measurement of a sample.
◦ N refers to the number of population
◦ n refers to the number of samples
 TYPES OF DATA

QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
(NUMERICAL) (CATEGORICAL)
TYPES OF DATA
QUALITATIVE (CATEGORICAL)
◦ Based on description/categories
◦ Usually pertains to nominal and ordinal data.
◦ Examples: Gender, Nationality, etc.
QUANTITATIVE (Numerical)
◦ Based on numbers
◦ There are two types of Qualitative Data
1. Discrete Data – data that are counting
numbers.
2. Continuous Data – data that includes to the
distances within numbers. Usually numbers
with decimal values.
 LEVEL OF
MEASUREMENT
 Data that ae categorical
NOMINAL DATA in nature.

It is use as variable
labels since it is based
on the description and
characteristics of the
data.

It has no order.
 Data that ae
ORDINAL DATA categorical in
nature.

This data refers to

the orders and
ranks.
INTERVAL DATA Typically a
continuous data that
refers to ordered
units with same
difference, but no
absolute value for
ZERO.
 Also a numerical
RATIO DATA data the same with
INTERVAL, these
are ordered units
with same
difference and with
absolute value for
ZERO.
DATA COLLECTION
DATA COLLECTION METHODS
◦Interview
◦Questionnaire
◦Registration
◦Observation
◦Experimental
◦Cause and Effect
Interview Method
A method which the
information are
obtained face to face.
Questionnaire Method
A method which the
information are
obtained using pen and
paper.
Registration Method
A method where
respondents are
required to fill out
information.
Observation Method
A method which data
are obtained from
thorough observation
on the phenomena.
Experimental Method
A method which the
information are obtained
from the result of a
certain activity. It aim
find out the result a
certain phenomena.
Cause and Effect Method
A method which the
information are obtained
from the result of an
experiment with
controlled variable.
Example: The population of SBM is
1700. What will be the sample size?
Use 5% margin of error.

GIVEN:
N= 1700;
e= 5%
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PRESENTATION
Thank you for listening!