Is defined as a branch of mathematics that deals with observation, collection, interpretation, analysis, and

drawing conclusions from a given data.

Is a set of numerical data or observations. examples are vital statistics in a beauty pageant, monthly income,
yearly household bills, etc..

Statistics

It involves the collection, presentation, description, and interpretation of numerical data gathered without
making any conclusions, predictions or inferences about a larger set.
It also includes summarizing of gathered data by describing the mean or average and the minimum and
maximum
The main goal is simply to provide a description of a particular data set for which the important
characteristics apply only to the data at hand.
Descriptive Statistics

Inferential Statistics

Refers to the making of conclusions about the population based on the study of a sample.
It pertains to the method of dealing with making inferences, estimations, or predictions
about a larger set of data using the information gathered form a subset of this larger set.
The main goal is not merely to provide a description of a particular data set but also to
make a prediction and inferences based on the available information gathered
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
A school principal wants to determine the average A head of the school wants to forecast the average
annual enrolment in the past 5 school years annual enrolment for the next 2 years
An entrepreneur wants to know his profit for the past 6 A business tycoon wants to estimate his profit for the
months next 7 months
A head nurse wants to determine the average number A head nurse who wants to predict the average number
of malaria patients during the last 3 months of malaria patients for the next 3 years

POPULATION AND SAMPLE PARAMETER AND STATISTICS

Population
parameter
statistics
Sample

Mrs. Shanna B. Alenton-Oracion |Statistics 1

 TERMS
Variable
Qualitative Data
Quantitative Data
Discrete Numbers
Continuous Numbers
Grouped Data
Raw Data
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT:
Ordinal refers to quantities that have a
natural ordering. Here, the data are ranked
or ordered in a somewhat “bottom to top”
or “high to low” scheme.
Ratio possesses all the properties of
nominal, ordinal and interval data. It is also
numeric in nature and has an absolute zero
point, thus, it can be ranked and compared
by magnitudes, for which all arithmetic
operation can be done.
DEFINITION EXAMPLE
Is a characteristic, description, or
attribute of persons or objects which
assumes different values or labels
It yields a categorical response,
includes information on attributes or
characteristics of data
It yields a numerical response,
includes numerical information
gathered about the data
Refers to finite values and are usually
obtained by the process of counting
Refers to values which are associated
with points on an interval of the
number line and are usually obtained
through the process of measurement
with corresponding units
These are data that are placed and
summarized in tabular form
These are data that are in their
original form and structure
Nominal uses numbers or symbols to
Nominal
categorize data or subjects into groups
data
which are mutually exclusive.
Ordinal Types Interval
data of Data data
Interval possesses all the properties of
nominal and ordinal data. The data are
numeric in nature and the distances
Ratio
between
dataany two numbers are known. It
does not have a stable starting point or
absolute zero. The difference between the
two values can be calculated and
interpreted.
Mrs. Shanna B. Alenton-Oracion |Statistics 2
Worksheet no. 1

I. Classify the following variables as qualitative or quantitative. If it is quantitative, classify it further as discrete or
continuous.
INCOME GRADE IN ENGLISH PREFERENCE ON DEATH PENALTY COURSE TAKEN
MEMBERSHIP IN A SCHOOL ORGANIZATION TYPE OF NEWSPAPER READ BLOOD PRESSURE
CHOLESTEROL COUNT CHOLESTEROL LEVEL YEARS OF TEACHING EXPERIENCE
QUANTITATIVE DATA
QUALITATIVE DATA
DISCRETE CONTINUOUS

II. Classify the following data as nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio. Write your answers on the space provided for.

Political party affiliation Water bills Degree of effectiveness

Brand of soft drinks Grade point average Frequency of going to mass
Telephone area code No. of student drop outs Tuition fee
Temperature Family name Mobile phone number
Teaching performance Level of job satisfaction Vehicle registration number

nominal interval

ratio ordinal
Mrs. Shanna B. Alenton-Oracion |Statistics 3
Group Work No. 1

Cite some specific applications of statistics in the following areas:

 Nursing

 Economics

 Education

 Business

 Computer Science or Information Technology

Journal Entry no. 1 - Individual

Make a collage of the contributions of statistics in different fields aside from math and science, and then write a
reflection or insight of your collage. Also include the importance of this lesson in your own life.

Due on: (Next Meeting)

Mrs. Shanna B. Alenton-Oracion |Statistics 4

SUMMATION NOTATION

The Summation Notation ∑ (sigma) is used to denote the sum of values. It can be written as follows:

∑ x i=x 1 + x 2+ x 3 + x 4 + x 5
i=1

Example 1. Suppose the ages of four managers in a hotel are 35, 47, 28, and 60 years. Find:

a) ∑x
b) ∑(x-6)
c) ∑(x)2
d) ∑x2

Example 2. The following table lists four pairs of x and y values. Then compute for the following:

X 12 15 20 30
y 5 9 10 16

a) ∑m
b) ∑f2
c) ∑mf
d) ∑m2f

Mrs. Shanna B. Alenton-Oracion |Statistics 5