The sign test

Dian L Sufyan
Introduction

One day HIMAGI held Gizi Peduli Sosial (GPS). The event focused on
giving nutrition education to Women of Reproductive Age (WRA).
Before the education session begin, the committee giving pre-test
to the WRA, and so af ter the education. Finally, you compare the
two scores of knowledges (pretest & post test) to see if there is any
diff erence between them.

- Related, paired

- Each women tested twice

- Each score in pretest group has its counterpar t on post test group
The sign test

- Is a non parametric test for comparing 2 samples that are

paired or related

- Equivalent to Student’s t-test in parametric or t-test for

dependent samples

- The focus of this test was on its diff erence’s direction (+/- or
no diff erence), not the value of the diff erence

- Case with no diff erence are ignored

Steps on conducting the sign test

- State the hypothesis (H0 and H1)

- Defi ne the  = 0.05

- Compute the Probability by defi ning n, x (the sign with fewest

number) and p for binomial distribution (0.5), you may check
the binomial distribution table

- Inference  Retain H0 if  < Probability, Reject H0 if  >

Probability

- Conclusion  no diff erence or there is diff erence?

Other tables:
https://www.dummies.com /education /math /statistics /fi guring-bi
nomial-probabilities-using-the-binomial-table /
 Scores
Participants Differences
Pre test Post test
1 2 4 +
2 3 5 +
3 2 2 0
4 3 4 +
5 5 4 -
6 3 2 -
7 4 3 -
8 2 3 +
9 1 1 0
10 5 6 +
Jumlah tanda (+) 5
Jumlah tanda (-) 3
Jumlah n 8
Practice

- Hypothesis  Ho: no diff erence, H1: there is diff erence

-  = 0.05

- Compute the test  n = 8, x = jumlah tanda terkecil (x=3),

p=0.5, Maka P(3)=0.2188

- Inference  Retain H0 if  < Probability, Reject H0 if  >

Probability, so in this case we retain H0 because 0.05<0.2188

- Conclusion  no diff erence between pretest and post test af ter

nutrition education given
The sign test using SPSS
P va lue > , Ret ain H 0

0 . 727 > 0 .0 5, s o ret ai n H 0

M e ans , No d iff eren c e be twee n pr et est a nd pos t te st af te r nu trit io n educ a tio n

Practice

Is there any diff erence between UTS score and UAS Score of
these students?
Students UTS UAS

A 70 72

B 75 75

C 83 87

D 86 85

E 90 88

F 95 100

G 85 88

H 65 72

I 68 63