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Dry Friction
Static of Rigid Bodies

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• Dry friction is the force that opposes

one solid surface sliding across
another solid surface. Dry friction
always opposes the surfaces sliding
relative to one another, and it can
have the effect of either opposing
motion or causing motion in bodies.
Dry friction is also referred to as
Coulomb Friction.
Where does friction occur in the
image?

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• This type of friction can further

be broken down into static
friction and kinetic friction.
• First, imagine a box sitting on a
surface. A pushing force is
applied parallel to the surface
and is constantly being
increased. A gravitational force,
a normal force, and a frictional
force are also acting on the box.

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Formulas

• Static Friction
Static Frictional Force:

Angle of Static Friction

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Formulas

• Kinetic Friction
Kinetic Frictional Force:

Angle of Kinetic Friction

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Example 1 Master title style

•  The uniform crate shown

in the figure has a mass
of 20 kg. If a force P = 80
N is applied to the crate,
determine if it remains in
equilibrium.
• The coefficient of static
friction is .

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Solution

•  Free-Body Diagram. As shown in

the figure on the right, the resultant
normal force NC must act a distance
from the crate’s center line in order to
counteract the tipping effect caused
by P.
• There are three unknowns, F, NC, and
x, which can be determined strictly
from the three equations of
equilibrium
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Solution

• Equations of Equilibrium.

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Solution

• Equations of Equilibrium.

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Example 2 Master title style

•  It is observed that when the

bed of the dump truck is
raised to an angle of , the
vending machines will begin
to slide off the bed. Determine
the static coefficient of friction
between a vending machine
and the surface of the truck
bed.

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Solution

• An idealized model of a vending

machine resting on the truck bed is
shown in the figure on the right. The
dimensions have been measured
and the center of gravity has been
located. We will assume that the
vending machine weighs W.

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Solution

•  Free-Body Diagram. As shown on the

right, the dimension x is used to locate
the position of the resultant normal
force N. There are four unknowns, and.

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Solution

• Equations of Equilibrium.

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Example 3 Master title style

•  The uniform 10-kg ladder (see

figure) rests against the smooth
wall at B, and the end A rests on
the rough horizontal plane for
which the coefficient of static
friction is . Determine the angle of
inclination of the ladder and the
normal reaction at B if the ladder
is on the verge of slipping.

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Solution

• Free-Body Diagram. As shown

on the free-body diagram, (see
figure) the frictional force FA
must act to the right since
impending motion at A is to the
left.

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Solution

•  Equations of Equilibrium
and Friction. Since the ladder
is on the verge of slipping,
then . By inspection, NA can
be obtained directly.

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Solution

•  Finally, the angle can be

determined by summing
moments about point A.

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• (1) Determine the friction force at the surface of contact of the

Figures (a) and (b).

Note: All problem solutions must include FBDs 1818

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•  (2) Determine the friction

developed between the 50-kg
crate and the ground if a) P =
200 N, and b) P = 400 N. The
coefficients of static and kinetic
friction between the crate and
the ground are and

Note: All problem solutions must include FBDs 1919

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•  (3) Determine the minimum force

P to prevent the 30-kg rod AB
from sliding. The contact surface
at B is smooth, whereas the
coefficient of static friction
between the rod and the wall at
A is

Note: All problem solutions must include FBDs 2020

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•  (4) The uniform pole has a weight of 30

lb and a length of 26 ft. Determine the
maximum distance d it can be placed
from the smooth wall and not slip. The
coefficient of static friction between the
floor and the pole is .

Note: All problem solutions must include FBDs 2121

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“
The obstacle is the path.”
- Zen Proverb

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