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Mechatronics Engineering
Engineering
Mechanics I
MEC1201
• Shear stress
• Strain
• Stress – strain relations
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Shear stress
• The stress component that acts in the
plane of the sectioned area
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Example 1
• Determine the average shear stress in
the 20‐mm‐diameter pin at A and the
30‐mm‐diameter pin at B that support
the beam in the figure.
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Solution
• Internal Loadings.
• Equ. Of equilibrium.
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Solution
• The pin at A is supported by two fixed “leaves” and so
the free‐body diagram of the center segment of the pin
has two shearing surfaces between the beam and each
leaf. Since the force of the beam (21.36 kN) acting on
the pin is supported by shear force on each of two
surfaces, it is called double shear. Thus,
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Solution
• Pin B is subjected to
single shear, which
occurs on the section
between the cable and
beam.
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Solution
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Example 2
• If the wood joint has a thickness of 150
mm, determine the average shear stress
along shear planes a–a and b–b of the
connected member. For each plane,
represent the state of stress on an
element of the material.
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SOLUTION
• Internal Loadings:
• Consider the equilibrium of
segments cut across shear planes
a–a and b–b:
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SOLUTION
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Strain
• Normal Strain:
• If an axial load P is
applied to the bar, it
will change the bar’s
length L0 to a length
L.
• We will define the
average normal
strain of the bar as Strain is positive when the initial
the change in its member elongates, and negative
length divided by its when the member contracts.
original length. 13
Strain
• Shear Strain
• Deformations not only cause line
segments to elongate or contract, but
they also cause them to change direction.
If we select two line segments that are
originally perpendicular to one another,
then the change in angle that occurs
between them is referred to as shear
strain.
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Shear strain
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EXAMPLE
• Determine the average normal strains
in the two wires if the ring at A moves
to A’.
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SOLUTION
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SOLUTION
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The stress–strain diagram
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The stress–strain diagram
• The stress–strain diagram is plotted
where the vertical axis is the stress and
the horizontal axis is the strain.
• Stress is determined by dividing the
applied load P by the original cross‐
sectional area A0.
• strain is found by dividing the change
in the length by the original length L0.
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Elastic Behavior
• The initial region of the curve is referred to as the
elastic region.
• The curve is a straight line up to the point where
the stress reaches the proportional limit.
• When the stress slightly exceeds this value, the
curve bends until the stress reaches an elastic
limit.
• For most materials, these points are very close,
and therefore it becomes rather difficult to
distinguish their exact values.
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Elastic Behavior
• After reaching the yield point, σY, if
the load is removed, the specimen will
recover its original shape. In other
words, no damage will be done to the
material.
• Any increase in stress will cause a
proportional increase in strain. Hooke’s
law.
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Elastic Behavior
• Hooke’s law:
• Where E is the modulus of elasticity or
Young’s modulus
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Yielding
• A slight increase in stress above the
elastic limit will result in a breakdown
of the material and cause it to deform
permanently.
• The deformation that occurs is called
plastic deformation.
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