DIET, DRUGS AND

DISEASES
OBJECTIVES
 To define conception, growth, development,
behaviour and health (Grade C)
 Describe how conception, growth,
development, behaviour and health can be
affected by diet. ( B)
 Describe how conception, growth,
development, behaviour and health can be
affected by drugs and diseases.(A)
KEYWORDS
 Diet
 Drugs
 Diseases
 Conception
 Growth
 Development
 Health
 Behaviour
 -identify and define terms.
 - make a poster to show the effect of diet,
drugs and diseases.
 -Presentation
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Diet
 Drugs
 Diseases
 Conception
 Growth
 Development
 Health
 Behaviour
D IE T
WHAT IS A DIET ?
 It is the food that a person normally eats on
a regular basis throughout the year.
 A healthy diet consists of all types of
constituents in a right quantity.
 The food pyramid
 Unhealthy diet leads to diseases

in the body.
DIET
CONCEPTION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE
WOMB:
 balanced diet produces large number of
sperm cells in males and causes regular
menstrual cycle in female.
 Poverty prevents having balanced diet. With
lack of nutrients, there may be infertility in
males and females. If conception occurs the
poor diet of mother slows down the growth
of foetus or if the baby is born it is smaller
than normal with poor immunity.
DIET
 When there is greater choice of food for
mother, soft cheese such as camembert
cause ‘listeria’ which may be fatal to the
foetus as it contains microorganisms.
Caffeine in the coffee, chocolate and tea
slows down the growth of foetus during
pregnancy.
 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG
PEOPLE:
 the area suffering from famine, growth and
development of young people is severely as
enough food is not available. If there is just
enough food for survival, the body will grow
and develop much more slowly than normal.
DIET
HEALTH
 When there is lack of protein and energy in
diet of a child under 1 year, a condition
called ‘marasmus’ developed. The energy
stored in the body is used up. There is
disappearance of body fat and muscle wasting
occurs.
 Kwashiorkor develops in a child under 18
months. When there is lack of protein in the
diet there is poor development of muscles and
pot belly that is swelling of the abdomen.
DIET
 OBESITY: This is a condition of body which
develops in children and adults who have very high
energy diet[carbohydrates, fats].
 DISEASES CAUSED DUE TO HIGH ENERGY DIET:
Atherosclerosis, Heart attack, Stroke, Brain
hemorrhage, type 2 Diabetes, Kidney damage,
extra strain on bones and joints.
 TYPE 2 DIABETES: obesity leads to this disease.
Obesity interferes the production of insulin, which
controls amount of sugar in the blood, but in this
disease the body no longer responds to insulin and
the blood with high sugar contain flows all over the
body.
DIET
 EFFECT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES ON THE BODY:
blindness, nerve damage, damage to the
blood vessels in the feet which can only be
treated by amputation, kidney damage.
BEHAVIOUR:
 people with lack of diet have little energy
and low-confidence. People with high energy
diet also have low-confidence, feel
depressed and are unable to sleep.
Hyperactivity in children is due to additives
in food and drinks.
 SOME OF THE FOOD ADDITIVES: Sunset
yellow, quilonine yellow, carmoisine, allura
red, tartrazine, ponceau.
DIET
 TREATING MALNUTRITION AND STARVATIION: in
areas of famine, malnourished children are fed
with F75 and F100. First F75 is introduced to
prepare their body to start digesting food
again. Then after few days they are fed with
F100 which contains more proteins and energy.
 PLUMPYNUT: is a substitute to F100. It is made
from peanut paste, powered milk, minerals,
oil, sugar and vitamins.
 UNIMIX: It is a flour made from maize, soya
beans, powdered milk, minerals, oil, sugar and
vitamins.
DIET
 TREATING OBESITY: it develops due to
unbalanced diet. Switch over to balanced
diet. Exercise regularly to use up excess
energy and strengthening up the body.
 R U GS
D
WHAT ARE DRUGS ?
 It is a substance that, when taken into the
body, alters the way body works.
TYPES OF DRUGS
 Three Types of Drugs:

Performance
Medicinal
enhancing

Non- Medicinal
TYPES OF DRUGS
 MEDICINAL DRUGS: are used to prevent, treat
and cure diseases. Also used to cure pain.
Example: Vaccinations, tablets, syrups,
inhaler, injections, etc.
 PERFORMANCE- ENHANCING: are used by
sportsmen to increase muscle growth and to
make senses more alert.
 NON-MEDEICINAL: affects nervous system,
bring about changes in the way the brain
works and alters person's behavior.
DRUGS
 CONCEPTION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE
WOMB:
Drugs Effect on conception
Alcohol Reduces production of sperms
in men.
Smoking Ovaries work less efficiently in
female.
Non-medicinal {cannabis, Menstrual cycle becomes ir-
cocaine, heroin, ecstasy} regular or stop, and slows down
sperm production also some
sperms develop abnormally.
DRUGS- EFFECTS ON FOETUS
Drug Effect on foetus
Alcohol •Drinking small amount can
cause nerve damage.
•Drinking large amount
cause abnormal
development of eyes, nose,
lips, head remains small.
•Foetal alcohol syndrome

Smoking •Slows down the growth,

lungs work less efficiently
Non-medicinal {cannabis, •Slows down growth
cocaine, heroin, ecstasy} •Less efficient Immunity
system
•Baby can become
dependent on the drug
mother was taking
DRUGS
 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG
CHILDREN:
 Sniffing solvents used in glues: are used as
drugs as easily available and cheaper than
drugs.
 Effects on health: loss of appetite results in
loss of body mass, causes headache,
sickness, coughing, harm to the brain, loss of
memory, harms the lungs, structure of liver,
kidneys and bone marrow affects the nerves
which control breathing.
DRUGS
 Immediate effect: loose control of themselves,
suffocate on the plastic bag from which they
inhaled the solvents, may become unconscious
sometimes vomit may block their windpipe causing
death.
 Behaviour: affects the nervous system, slows down
the nerve signals, people react more slowly, large
intake of alcohol reduces nerve signals, voice
become louder, become reckless and aggressive,
difficulty in thinking and speaking clearly,
movements are uncoordinated, unable to walk, fall
asleep or become unconscious, in extreme cases
windpipe may block causing suffocation.
Non How it is used Effects
medicinal
drugs
Cannabis Smoked • hallucinations, mental illness
Cocaine Sniffed, smoked, injected •Over confidence or carelessness
Sleeplessness, Mental illness
Heroin Smoked or injected •Can slow down body reactions
to the point of death
•Needle users may catch
hepatitis and AIDS if share
needle
Ecstasy Swallowed in tablet form •Speeds up body reactions,
produces confusion and fatal
Amphetami sniffed in powered form •Increases activity at first, then
nes or Swallowed in tablet produces feeling of sadness
form which may last for 2 days
•Can cause heart and brain
damage
LSD Swallowed in tablet or •Hallucinations, which can be
liquid form or even as terrifying and to which the brain
small piece of paper may flash back months or weeks
later.
DRUGS
 CIRRHOSIS OF LIVER: alcohol affects general
health as it is a poison. The liver collects
poisons from the blood as it flows through
and breaks them down and make them
harmless. The intake of alcohol for long
duration causes inflammation of liver and
develops hepatitis. Parts of liver may turn to
scar tissue, this leads to Cirrhosis. Cirrhosis
reduces liver’s ability to deal with poison and
may be fatal.
DRUGS
HEALTHY LIVER CIRRHOSIS OF
LIVER
DRUGS
Drugs Treatment
Smoking (Nicotine) •Advice and support from health services
•May chew nicotine gum or attach patches of
nicotine to their skin, this reduces withdrawal
symptoms and help to break the habit
Alcohol •Advice and support from health services
•Options like medicines, joining groups who have
given up drinking alcohol
•Staying in rehabilitation center

Non-Medicinal drugs •Advice and support from health services

•Staying in rehabilitation center
 A SE S
DI SE
WHAT ARE DISEASES ?
 It is an abnormal condition of body which
affects health of the body and prevents it
from working efficiently.
 Some times diseases can be fatal.
TYPES OF DISEASES
 There are four types of diseases:
Types of diseases Examples
Hereditary diseases Cystic fibrosis, Haemophilla
Nutritional diseases Beriberi, Scurvy, Rickets
Degenerative diseases Heart attack, Stroke
Transmissible diseases Malaria, Tuberculosis, AIDS
DISEASES
Diseases Explanation
Sexually Transmitted by sexual intercourse. Eg:-
transmitted chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis.
diseases (STD)
Malaria Caused by plasmodium or amoeba of
protoctista kingdom. Spread by FEMALE
ANOPHELES mosquito.
AIDS (Acquired Caused by HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency
Immune Deficiency Virus). This virus attacks and weakens Immune
Syndrome) system. Spread mainly by blood transfusion,
sexual intercourse with infected person, drug
users sharing unsterilized needles.
TB (Tuberculosis) Caused by bacteria. Spread by droplets
produced by coughing, sneezing and spitting.
Infects lungs. Spread to the brain, kidneys
and bones.
DISEASES- CONCEPTION
Diseases Explanation
Pelvic Inflammatory • Prevents conception in females. Caused by
Disease (PID) in females wide range of infections.
• Affects fallopian tube, ovaries, uterus.
Fallopian tubes are infected and inflamed
causing infertility.
• The main causes are STD.
Diabetes and Kidney • Causes infertility in both male and female.
diseases
TB • Affects both male and female reproductive
system . Block the path of sperms in males,
causing infection in fallopian tube and
uterus in females.
Infertility in male STD’s in males reduces the activity of sperms.
Sperms are less able to swim, to find an egg.
STD’s for many times scared the tubes carrying
sperms and block the path of sperm.
DISEASES- GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT IN THE WOMB
Diseases Effects on Foetus
Malaria • Death of foetus
• slows down the development of
foetus
TB • Death of foetus
Rubella, German Measles • Disability in babies.
• Damage nervous system and heart of
foetus
• Produce deafness and blindness.
STD’s in Females • Blindness, deafness, swollen liver,
skin sores in the baby
AIDS in Females • Pass the virus to baby during
pregnancy or at birth
• Damage immune system of baby.
DISEASES- GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG PEOPLE
Diseases Effects on Young People
TB • In active stage :Lung damage ,Cough frequently,
develop fever , loose body mass.
• In dormant stage: Sufferer recovers but still carries
bacteria and in favourable condition, start multiplying
and enter into the blood and spread to other organs.
• Can be fatal.

AIDS • Pass to infant through mother's milk

Malaria • Damage nervous system, if not treated often fatal.
DISEASES- BEHAVIOR
 Suffer becomes tired. May develop aches and
pains, need to rest.
 AIDS patient may suffer from disorders of
nervous system. Think more slowly, trouble
with memory and concentration. Loose co-
ordination, unable to walk and balance.
 DISEASES- EFFECT ON GENERAL
HEALTH
Diseases Effects on health
TB • Damaged tissues may recover but develops scar
tissue.
• If active again, enter the blood and damage kidneys,
bones and brain.
AIDS • May suffer from disease of bones, looses phosphorus
and calcium and bones become brittle.
• Suffers from kidneys diseases and heart and
circulation diseases
• Increase chances of cancer
Malaria • Invade liver and RBC.
• Person may suffer chills and fever
• Damage of brain, kidneys and lungs.
• Can be fatal.
HOMEWORK