ESR SPECTROSCOPY

Name: Ranjith R

Atomic And Molecular Physics

Department Of Physics ,School Of Applied Sciences
Date: 26/05/2021
#ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY

 It is a branch of absorption spectroscopy in which radiation having frequency in

microwave region is absorbed by paramagnetic substance to induce transition
between magnetic energy level of electron with unpaired spins.
 Magnetic energy splitting is done by applying a static magnetic field.

 Absorption spectroscopy, operate at microwave frequency 104 – 106MHz (~1.0 J

mol-1)

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 ESR is also known as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance(EPR) or Electron Magnetic
Resonance(EMR). Paramagnetic substances are those which contains unpaired
electrons having equal and opposite spins.

 ESR Phenomenon is shown by:

 1. Atoms having odd number of electrons.

 2. Ions having partly filled inner electron shells
 3. Other molecules that carry angular momentum of electronic origin.
 4. Free radicals having unpaired electrons.

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 #THEORY OF ESR

 In ESR the energy levels are produced by the interaction of magnetic moment of an
unpaired electron in a molecule or ion with an applied magnetic field.
 The ESR spectrum results due to the transitions between these energy levels by
absorbing radiations of microwave frequency.

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 The unpaired electrons are excited to a high
energy state under the magnetic field by the
absorption of microwave radiations.

 The excited electron changes its direction of

spin and relaxes in to the ground state by
emitting its energy.

 The transition between two different energy

levels takes place by absorption of a quantum
of radiation of frequency in the microwave
region.

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# PRESENTATION OF ESR SPECTRUM :

The ESR spectrum is obtained by plotting intensity against the strength of a magnetic
field.
The better way is to represent ESR spectrum as a derivative curve in which the first
derivative (slope) of the absorption curve is plotted against the strength of the
magnetic field.

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HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS

EPR signal is ‘split’ by neighbouring nuclei

Called hyperfine interactions
#Can be used to provide information
 Number and identity of nuclei
 Distance from unpaired electron
 Interactions with neighbouring nuclei
 The number of lines: 2NI +1

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#APPLICATIONS OF ESR SPECTRA:

 It decides the site of unpaired electrons.

 The number of line components decide about the number and type of nuclei
present in the neighborhood of the odd electron.
 From this the g value can be measured by comparing the position of the line with
that of standard substance
 Study of Free radicals
 Reaction Velocities and Mechanisms
 Study of inorganic compounds
 Study of catalysts
 Determination of oxidation state of a metal.

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Thank you for
your time and
participation