The Project

Construction
Phase
Ar. MAP, UAP
 INTRODUCTION

PROJECT Project D elivery

a com prehensive
is
and

DELIVERY rig orous that includes planning,

process
design and construction in
order to execute and complete
a building facility or other type

M ETHODS
of project.
5 COMMON METHODS Design-Bid-Build

Construction Management

Project Management

Design-Build

O w ner-B uild er
DES IGN -BID-
BUILD
(DBB)
IM PORTANT FACETS
Traditional method of
project delivery
Owner contracts separately
for design and
construction services
·Bid based on complete
plans and specifications.
·Owner retains high level of
control and risk
PARTIES INVOLVED
Owner- provides the idea and funds
Architect- design solution based
on owner’s requirements
Contractor- responsible for executing
and managing the construction and who
can also hire several subcontractors
F O L L O W S A LINEAR PROCESS:
IDEA -> DESIGN PHASE -> BUILD
Most widely used
D B B method is common in various
industries, hence easily understood by
all. It is well-established and applicable

Advantages
to a wide range of projects.

Encourages
c o m p etitivenes s
As the method includes a bidding phase,
it encourages competitive bidders to
undertake the project at the lowest
possible cost.

Separates duties
Design and construction roles are
separate and well-understood, making
both responsibility and liability relatively
clear
 L o n g schedule
Since the method follows a linear process, it is normally
lengthy and time-consuming which might be
unacceptable to some owners. Any delay in one of the
phases usually sets back the entire schedule.
DRAWBACKS

Potential adversarial relationships

Adversarial relationships and potential for litigation can
develop between architect and contractor, due to their
separate contracts with the owner.

The lowest bid problem

Initial low bid might not result in ultimate lowest cost or
final best value. This can ultimately present large
problems in the long run.
 IMPORTANT FACETS
Owner engages a construction
manager to act as a construction
advisor.
A general contractor is also
hired based on qualifications,
experience, strategic approach,
and cost elements.
During the design or
construction phase, both the
construction manager and
contractor draws up plans
together and provide estimates.
CON S TRUCTION
MANAGEMENT PA RT IE S I N V O L V E D
Owner
Construction Manager
General contractor
 ROLE OF CONSTRUCTION
MANAGER

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE:
advise on practical consequences of
construction design options of either
the Architect and the Design
Engineers
review architectural and engineering
drawings and specifications
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
coordinate the implementation of the
Project
revise and refine estimates
constructio as proceeds
n required and, as
monitors each Contractor’s labor
and equipment
monitors the safety
developed and prog rams
each Contractor implemented by
C o llab o ratio n
Allows for innovation and constructability
during design through collaboration of
construction manager and the

Advantages
contractor.

Manageable risks
This method identifies and manages
risks. Further, it reduces error, change
orders, and materials overruns

Control of D esigns
The construction manager retains control
over the design.
 Potential unfairness
Since the method includes having the owner to hire
construction manager and contractor based on
qualifications, potential appearances of unfairness in sole
source selection process may ensue.
DRAWBACKS

Potential adversarial relationships

There is also a potential for disagreements among
parties involved in this method and one of which is
failure to agree on price and PS&E sent out for bid.

Potential problems due to complexity

Inability to determine an appropriate level of design
to take advantage of innovations may arise.
DESIGN-BUILD

IMPORTANT FACETS and PROCESS

Combines design and construction under a
single contract
One entity, one contract, one unified flow of
work from initial concept through completion
Traditionally a lump s u m contract
Two phase procurement: (1) Qualifications,
(2)Technical/Price

PARTIES INVOLVED
Owner: provides the idea and funds Design-
Build Firm: responsible fo r b o th
design solution and construction until project
completion
Faster delivery
Collaborative project management
means work is completed faster with
fewer problems. This method

Advantages
accelerates delivery by also fast-tracking
design and construction

Cost savings
An integrated team is geared toward
efficiency and innovation., hence saving
costs. Also, the method increases the
potential to reduce error, change orders,
and materials overruns.

Better quality
Design-builders meet performance needs,
not minimum design requirements, often
developing innovations to deliver a better
project than initially imagined.
 Lack of competitive pricing
The lack of competitive bidding by the design build
process points to its greatest flaw in serving the interest
of the client.
DRAWBACKS

Management issues
Contract management is more challenging as contract
administration requires more collaboration. The absence
of effective collaboration may be where the growing
pains of design-build are revealed.

L o s s of Owner control
The firm designs the project based on their unique
capabilities and resources, creating room for the owner
to lose some control of the design.
 IMPORTANT FACETS
The Project Manager operates
as a member of an Owner-
Architect-Eng ineer-
Contractor Team.
Each member of the team will
have precedence and
exercise leadership in his own
sphere of operations or
expertise.

PROJECT PA RT IE S I N V O L V E D
Owner
M AN AGEM EN T Project Manager
Construction Manager
 ROLES OF PARTIES INVOLVED
PROJECT MANAGE R
to prepare an overall plan, program
and schedule of construction
activities as well as to monitor these
various construction activities
act as an adviser on materials costs
and construction methods
CONSTRUCTION MANAGER
provides the additional link and
coordinated efforts between the
members of the team
eliminate many of the conflicts and
resultant expensive change orders
OWNER
provide full information as to his
requirements
examine documents submitted for
his approval and/or comment and
render decisions pertaining thereto
promptly
AD VAN TAGES
The owner provides
similar incentives for the
design and construction
teams to align everyone’s
goals and increase project
success.
Digital tools specifically
designed for construction
and team collaboration
can magnify the success
of a project.
D RAW B AC KS
Relatively new method
and has the smallest
market share at present. It
can sometimes be on the
more expensive side to
implement up front.
Commensurate payment
to team members
necessarily doesn’t
equal equate
effort to
OWNER-BUILDER

IMPORTANT FACETS and PROCESS

Similar to Design-build method except that the
other contracting party is not the designer but
the builder/general contractor.
Mos t c o m m o n payment method: The
contractor furnish the Owner Performance and
Payment B o n d s in the form of a surety bond
acceptable to the owner.

PARTIES INVOLVED
Owner: provides the idea and funds
Builder/General Contractor: responsible for
the c o ns truc tio n o f o w ner's
req uirem ents until project completion
 ROLE OF THE
GENERAL
CONTRACTOR

to furnish all labor, materials,

equipment, plants, tools and other
facilities and the satisfactory and
faithful performance of all the work
necessary to commence and
complete the Project, ready for use

the cognizance
take other documents
of the provisions of
contract especially
responsibilitiestheand liabilities
Contractor'
on
materials, workmanship, slabor, and
property
AD VAN TAGES D RAW B AC KS

Since the contractor The contractor is

serves as the owner's focused more on
single contact for the building than designing,
entiret of the project, hence aesthetics may
ythere is a potential for be compromised.
a faster completion.

The method increases the This method allows too

potential to reduce error, little room for the owner
change orders, and to take control..
materials overruns,
hence the potential to
save costs.
 WHICH DELIVERY METHOD IS
BETTER?
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Each delivery method provides strategies based on the owner’s needs

and goals, and also has its own advantages and drawbacks. Having a firm
understanding of the basic goals and project constraints before
selecting a delivery method will aid in making the final decision.

In general, the following are the most common criteria:

B udg et S chedule

Owner
D esig n
involvemen
t
 INTRODUCTION
A schedule is composed
of the various activities

PROJECT included
implementation
in the

S CHEDULIN G and
execution of a project within
the pre-determ ined

TOOLS fram e tim e Time

.
and manag
adjustm em ent
ents with
the
scope of a project is
only possible if there is a
proper
schedule prepared for
the project being worked
upon.
 3 COM M ON TOOLS

CONSTRUCTION
P E R T-C P M G A N TT C H A R T
SCHEDULING CHART
 ABOUT
PERT-CPM
PERT -> Program Evaluation
and Review Technique
C P M -> Critical Path Method
The key concept used by
PERT-CPM is that a small set
of activities, which make up
the longest path through the
activity network control the
entire project.

PROCESS

Define the Project and all of it’s significant activities or tasks.

Develop the relationships among the activities. Decide which activities must
precede and which must follow others.
Draw the "Network" connecting all the activities. Each Activity should have unique
event numbers.
Assign time and/or cost estimates to each activity
Compute the longest time path through the network. This is called the critical
path. Use the Network to help plan, schedule, monitor and control the project.
GANTT CHART ABOUT
A project schedule Gantt
chart is a bar chart that
represents key activities in
sequence on the left vs
time. Each is
task
represented by a bar that
reflects the start and date
of the activity, and
therefore its duration.

PROCESS
Create a project table. List each task is a separate row and structure your project plan
by including the Start date, End date and Duration, i.e. the number of days required to
complete the tasks. A typical Gantt chart has the name of individual tasks or group of
tasks in the project on the Y-axis. The X-axis has a timeline divided into days or weeks.
Begin making the Gantt chart by setting up a usual Stacked Bar chart based on start
date. Add duration data to the chart.
 ABOUT
SCHEDULING CHART
CONSTRUCTION
A construction schedule is a
timeline for every task and
event in a construction
project. It is a fundamental
part of the project planning
phase, as it also defines the
resources needed and the
teams responsible for each
task.

PROCESS
Get information. Construction scheduling involves different types of resources,
stakeholders and participants. Begin by listing all subcontractors involved in the job.
Collect and prioritize tasks. Step up to the project and break it down into the steps
that will lead it from a construction plan to a completed project.
Take each of the tasks and give them a start and finish date.
Allocate tasks and teams by color-coding for easy
identification.
P E R T- C P M Gantt Chart Construction
The method combines Scheduling Chart
This tool is used by
all relevant information
project managers Construction
into
singlea plan. The plan
most of the time to scheduling
allows you and the project
defines the sequence and
get an idea about the team to control
duration of operations, and
average time needed quality measures, as
depicts the interrelationship
to finish a project. well
manage asresource allocation
of the work
in each phase of
require elements to
construction.
d complete the
project.

BENEFITS
H O W DO ES EACH SCHEDULING TOOL HELP
THE C O N S T R U C T I O N P H A S E ?
 THANK YOU!

REFERENCES
Introduction:
https://dbia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Primers-Choosing-Delivery-Method.pdf

https://www.educba.com/project-scheduling-techniques/
Project Delivery Methods:
https://itd.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/project-delivery-methods.pdf https://
www.dbiarockymountain.org/what_is_design_build.php
https://www.marwoodconstruction.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Design-Build-
Advantages-Disadvantages.pdf
https://the-opendoor.net/a-homeowner-guide-to-project-delivery-methods/
Project Scheduling Tools:
https://www.interventions.org/pertcpm/
https://www.projectmanager.com/blog/make-a-construction-schedule
https://silvermancpm.com/construction-term-of-the-week-critical-path-method-cpm-