REGULAR DESIGN SERVICES OF THE ARCHITECT

The Project
Construction
Phase
Hariette Trillanes
 INTRODUCTION
PROJECT Project Delivery
comprehensive and rigorous
is a

DELIVERY process that includes planning,

design and construction in

METHODS order to execute and complete

a building facility or other type
of project.
5 COMMON METHODS Design-Bid-Build

Construction Management

Project Management

Design-Build

Owner-Builder
DESIGN-BID-
BUILD (DBB)
IMPORTANT FACETS
Traditional method of
project delivery
Owner contracts separately
for design and construction
services
· Bid based on complete
plans and specifications.
· Owner retains high level of
control and risk
PARTIES INVOLVED
Owner- provides the idea and funds
Architect- design solution based on
owner’s requirements
Contractor- responsible for executing
and managing the construction and who
can also hire several subcontractors
FOLLOWS A LINEAR PROCESS:
IDEA -> DESIGN PHASE -> BUILD
Most widely used
DBB method is common in various
industries, hence easily understood by
all. It is well-established and applicable

Advantages
to a wide range of projects.

Encourages
competitiveness
As the method includes a bidding phase,
it encourages competitive bidders to
undertake the project at the lowest
possible cost.

Separates duties
Design and construction roles are
separate and well-understood, making
both responsibility and liability relatively
clear
 Long schedule
Since the method follows a linear process, it is normally
lengthy and time-consuming which might be
unacceptable to some owners. Any delay in one of the
phases usually sets back the entire schedule.
DRAWBACKS

Potential adversarial relationships

Adversarial relationships and potential for litigation can
develop between architect and contractor, due to their
separate contracts with the owner.

The lowest bid problem

Initial low bid might not result in ultimate lowest cost or
final best value. This can ultimately present large
problems in the long run.
 IMPORTANT FACETS
Owner engages a construction
manager to act as a construction
advisor.
A general contractor is also hired
based on qualifications,
experience, strategic approach,
and cost elements.
During the design or
construction phase, both the
construction manager and
contractor draws up plans
together and provide estimates.
CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT PARTIES INVOLVED
Owner
Construction Manager
General contractor
 ROLE OF CONSTRUCTION
MANAGER

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE:
advise on practical consequences of
construction design options of either
the Architect and the Design
Engineers
review architectural and engineering
drawings and specifications
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
coordinate the implementation of
the Project
revise and refine estimates as
construction proceeds and, as
required
monitors each Contractor’s labor
and equipment
monitors the safety programs
developed and implemented by
each Contractor
Collaboration
Allows for innovation and constructability
during design through collaboration of
construction manager and the

Advantages
contractor.

Manageable risks
This method identifies and manages
risks. Further, it reduces error, change
orders, and materials overruns

Control of Designs
The construction manager retains control
over the design.
 Potential unfairness
Since the method includes having the owner to hire
construction manager and contractor based on
qualifications, potential appearances of unfairness in sole
source selection process may ensue.
DRAWBACKS

Potential adversarial relationships

There is also a potential for disagreements among
parties involved in this method and one of which is failure
to agree on price and PS&E sent out for bid.

Potential problems due to complexity

Inability to determine an appropriate level of design to
take advantage of innovations may arise.
DESIGN-BUILD

IMPORTANT FACETS and PROCESS

Combines design and construction under a
single contract
One entity, one contract, one unified flow of
work from initial concept through completion
Traditionally a lump sum contract
Two phase procurement: (1) Qualifications,
(2)Technical/Price

PARTIES INVOLVED
Owner: provides the idea and funds
Design-Build Firm: responsible for both
design solution and construction until project
completion
Faster delivery
Collaborative project management
means work is completed faster with
fewer problems. This method

Advantages
accelerates delivery by also fast-tracking
design and construction

Cost savings
An integrated team is geared toward
efficiency and innovation., hence saving
costs. Also, the method increases the
potential to reduce error, change orders,
and materials overruns.

Better quality
Design-builders meet performance needs,
not minimum design requirements, often
developing innovations to deliver a better
project than initially imagined.
 Lack of competitive pricing
The lack of competitive bidding by the design build
process points to its greatest flaw in serving the interest
of the client.
DRAWBACKS

Management issues
Contract management is more challenging as contract
administration requires more collaboration. The absence
of effective collaboration may be where the growing
pains of design-build are revealed.

Loss of Owner control

The firm designs the project based on their unique
capabilities and resources, creating room for the owner
to lose some control of the design.
 IMPORTANT FACETS
The Project Manager operates
as a member of an Owner-
Architect-Engineer-Contractor
Team.
Each member of the team will
have precedence and exercise
leadership in his own sphere of
operations or expertise.

PROJECT PARTIES INVOLVED

Owner
MANAGEMENT Project Manager
Construction Manager
 ROLES OF PARTIES INVOLVED
PROJECT MANAGER
to prepare an overall plan, program
and schedule of construction
activities as well as to monitor these
various construction activities
act as an adviser on materials costs
and construction methods
CONSTRUCTION MANAGER
provides the additional link and
coordinated efforts between the
members of the team
eliminate many of the conflicts and
resultant expensive change orders
OWNER
provide full information as to his
requirements
examine documents submitted for
his approval and/or comment and
render decisions pertaining thereto
promptly
ADVANTAGES
The owner provides
similar incentives for the
design and construction
teams to align everyone’s
goals and increase project
success.
Digital tools specifically
designed for construction
and team collaboration
can magnify the success
of a project.
DRAWBACKS
Relatively new method
and has the smallest
market share at present. It
can sometimes be on the
more expensive side to
implement up front.
Commensurate payment
to team members doesn’t
necessarily equate to
equal effort
OWNER-BUILDER

IMPORTANT FACETS and PROCESS

Similar to Design-build method except that the
other contracting party is not the designer but
the builder/general contractor.
Most common payment method: The
contractor furnish the Owner Performance and
Payment Bonds in the form of a surety bond
acceptable to the owner.

PARTIES INVOLVED
Owner: provides the idea and funds
Builder/General Contractor: responsible for
the construction of owner's requirements
until project completion
 ROLE OF THE GENERAL
CONTRACTOR

to furnish all labor, materials,

equipment, plants, tools and other
facilities and the satisfactory and
faithful performance of all the work
necessary to commence and
complete the Project, ready for use

take cognizance of the provisions of

the other contract documents
especially the Contractor's
responsibilities and liabilities on
materials, workmanship, labor, and
property
ADVANTAGES DRAWBACKS

Since the contractor The contractor is

serves as the owner's focused more on
single contact for the building than designing,
entirety of the project, hence aesthetics may
there is a potential for a be compromised.
faster completion.

The method increases the This method allows too

potential to reduce error, little room for the owner
change orders, and to take control..
materials overruns, hence
the potential to save
costs.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WHICH DELIVERY METHOD IS BETTER?

Each delivery method provides strategies based on the owner’s needs

and goals, and also has its own advantages and drawbacks. Having a firm
understanding of the basic goals and project constraints before selecting
a delivery method will aid in making the final decision.

In general, the following are the most common criteria:

Budget Schedule

Owner
Design
involvement
 INTRODUCTION
A schedule is composed of
the various activities

PROJECT included
implementation
in the
and
SCHEDULING execution of a project within
the pre-determined time
TOOLS frame. Time management
and adjustments with the
scope of a project is only
possible if there is a proper
schedule prepared for the
project being worked upon.
 3 COMMON TOOLS

CONSTRUCTION
PERT-CPM GANTT CHART
SCHEDULING CHART
 ABOUT
PERT-CPM
PERT -> Program Evaluation
and Review Technique
CPM -> Critical Path Method
The key concept used by
PERT-CPM is that a small set
of activities, which make up
the longest path through the
activity network control the
entire project.

PROCESS

Define the Project and all of it’s significant activities or tasks.

Develop the relationships among the activities. Decide which activities must precede
and which must follow others.
Draw the "Network" connecting all the activities. Each Activity should have unique event
numbers.
Assign time and/or cost estimates to each activity
Compute the longest time path through the network. This is called the critical path.
Use the Network to help plan, schedule, monitor and control the project.
GANTT CHART ABOUT

A project schedule Gantt

chart is a bar chart that
represents key activities in
sequence on the left vs
time. Each task is
represented by a bar that
reflects the start and date
of the activity, and
therefore its duration.

PROCESS

Create a project table. List each task is a separate row and structure your project plan by
including the Start date, End date and Duration, i.e. the number of days required to
complete the tasks. A typical Gantt chart has the name of individual tasks or group of
tasks in the project on the Y-axis. The X-axis has a timeline divided into days or weeks.
Begin making the Gantt chart by setting up a usual Stacked Bar chart based on start date.
Add duration data to the chart.
 ABOUT
SCHEDULING CHART
CONSTRUCTION
A construction schedule is a
timeline for every task and
event in a construction
project. It is a fundamental
part of the project planning
phase, as it also defines the
resources needed and the
teams responsible for each
task.

PROCESS

Get information. Construction scheduling involves different types of resources,

stakeholders and participants. Begin by listing all subcontractors involved in the job.
Collect and prioritize tasks. Step up to the project and break it down into the steps that
will lead it from a construction plan to a completed project.
Take each of the tasks and give them a start and finish date.
Allocate tasks and teams by color-coding for easy identification.
PERT-CPM Gantt Chart Construction
The method combines all Scheduling Chart
This tool is used by
relevant information into a
project managers Construction scheduling
single plan. The plan
most of the time to allows you and the project
defines the sequence and
get an idea about the team to control quality
duration of operations, and
average time needed measures, as well as
depicts the interrelationship
to finish a project. manage resource allocation
of the work elements
in each phase of
required to complete the
construction.
project.

BENEFITS
HOW DOES EACH SCHEDULING TOOL HELP
THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE?
 THANK YOU!

REFERENCES
Introduction:
https://dbia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Primers-Choosing-Delivery-Method.pdf
https://www.educba.com/project-scheduling-techniques/
Project Delivery Methods:
https://itd.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/project-delivery-methods.pdf
https://www.dbiarockymountain.org/what_is_design_build.php
https://www.marwoodconstruction.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Design-Build-
Advantages-Disadvantages.pdf
https://the-opendoor.net/a-homeowner-guide-to-project-delivery-methods/
Project Scheduling Tools:
https://www.interventions.org/pertcpm/
https://www.projectmanager.com/blog/make-a-construction-schedule
https://silvermancpm.com/construction-term-of-the-week-critical-path-method-cpm-
scheduling/