Career 

paths and qualifications in
 the construction and 
manufacturing industries
Subtitle
 Occupational levels and their functions 
• (a) unskilled. does not require advanced training or specialized skills.

• (b) Semi-skilled. does not require advanced training or specialized skills, but it does require more skills than an
unskilled labor job Examples of Semiskilled Labour: Salespeople, Flight Attendants, Restaurant Servers, Truck Drivers, Security
Guards

• (c) Skilled. is any worker who has special skill, training, knowledge, and (usually acquired) ability in their work. A skilled
worker may have attended a college, university or technical school. Or, a skilled worker may have learned their skills on the job.

• (d) Technician supervisory. monitor installation, maintenance, troubleshooting, testing, and repair work conducted by
technicians
 
• (e) Technologist/Master Craftsman. ensures that production activities and processes are optimized to increase manufacturing
productivity

• (f) Professional. contributing their specific knowledge and experience for the successful completion of projects and also they
have vital responsibilities and duties within their entire roles; for instance, Preparation of drawings, Specifications, Bill of
quantities (BOQ), Contract Conditions and Agreements.
 (i) craftsmen /tradesmen -
 
• carpenters,- Carpenters use natural materials (wood/timber) to install wooden
fixtures and fittings. As a carpenter you could be installing doors, floors and furniture in
new builds, renovating or refitting existing structures, building sets for film and theatre
companies and Carpenters construct, erect, install, and repair structures and fixtures
made from wood and other materials. 

 
 
 (i) craftsmen /tradesmen -
 
• Electricians, - read blueprints and install wiring, maintain, and
renovate/repair electrical system and electrical controls in residential or
commercial buildings while following state and local building
regulations

 
 
 (i) craftsmen /tradesmen -
 
• Electronics technicians, - Electronics technicians help design, develop, test,
manufacture, install, and repair electrical and electronic equipment such
as communication equipment, medical monitoring devices, navigational
equipment, and computers.
 
 
 (i) craftsmen /tradesmen -
 
• masons,- Layering building materials such as bricks, concrete, tiles and
other construction materials. Fabricates, alters, repairs, and maintains
walls, sidewalks, street curbs, floors, bathroom showers, sink counters,
partitions, manholes, and other related structures or surfaces

 
 
 plumbers - Interprets blueprints
and building specifications to
map layout for pipes, drainage
systems, and
other plumbing materials.
Installs pipes and fixtures, such
as sinks and toilets, for water,
gas, steam, air, or other liquids.
Installs supports for pipes,
equipment, and fixtures prior to
installation.
 
  
furniture makers- Fitting items for future installation by carpenters, Making
specific fittings or furniture from staircases to kitchen cabinets,
Constructing shelving units, Repairing and maintaining doors, door frames,
windows etc, Cutting and shaping wood. 
 Upholsterers - understand and follow blueprints or sketches in making
appropriate coverings on furniture. Upholsterers construct or repair upholstered
furniture by covering with materials such as leather, cotton or suede.
 Painters- prepare and paint interior and exterior surfaces, removing old paint,
priming surfaces, choosing materials, selecting and mixing colors and cleaning
up job sites.
 Welders - fabricate and assemble metal structures and equipment through the
use of welders, cutters, shapers and measuring tools. Welders produce metal
products according to customer or employer specifications.
 machine operators and fitters- Some fitters choose to specialize in
mechanical fitting, pipefitting, or steam fitting, others work in the heating and
cooling industry maintaining and repairing systems in commercial or factory
settings
 (i) technical workers -
• Technicians, - are skilled workers that work with complex systems or perform highly
technical mechanical or diagnostic tests and involved with duties like maintenance,
repairs and troubleshooting. a technician often obtains a lower degree or certification and
works under a technologist.
• Technologists, - The technologist is the team leader, and his duties include research,
analyzing, designing, conducting studies, resolving problems, interpreting situations ,
evaluating situations, developing prototypes and guiding the technicians.
• Finishing technicians; - Finishing Technicians are a broader career category of
Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders. They set up,
operate, or tend welding, soldering, or brazing machines or robots that weld, braze,
solder, or heat treat metal goods, elements, or assemblies.
• Drafting and design technicians; - A drafting technician is a professional who uses
specialized computer software to prepare technical designs and drawings. He/she interprets
concepts and then uses a computer-aided design (CAD) to convert designs of architects, engineers,
or designers into technical drawings.
 (ii) professional workers -
• Electrical engineers, - create, design and manage electricity to help power
the world. They are problem-solvers who study and apply the physics and
mathematics of electricity, electromagnetism and electronics to both large- and
small-scale systems to process information and transmit energy.
• Mechanical engineers, - Mechanical engineers design power-producing
machines, such as electric generators, internal combustion engines, and steam
and gas turbines, as well as power-using machines, such as refrigeration and air-
conditioning systems. Mechanical engineers design other machines inside
buildings, such as elevators and escalators.
• Construction structural engineers, - Structural Engineering is a specialty
within Civil Engineering. Structural Engineers create drawings and
specifications, perform calculations, review the work of other engineers, write
reports and evaluations, and observe construction sites.
 (ii) professional workers -
• Civil and building service engineers, - a building services Engineer is a Senior Civil
engineer with experience in the Buildings Construction, Building Maintenance, Management,
integration of electrical, mechanical, fire, hydraulic, security and communications building services,
who manages and delivers the integrated detailed design of multiple disciplines so as to ensure that
the building is delivered in a "least cost technically acceptable" manner, with emphasis on both the
construction costs and the operational costs.
• Architects, - An architect is a skilled professional who plans and designs buildings and generally
plays a key role in their construction
• Quantity surveyors-  typically include: Conducting feasibility studies to estimate materials,
time and labor costs
• Construction project managers planners, - Project managers oversee the planning
and delivery of construction projects. They ensure that work is completed on time and within
budget. They organize logistics, delegate work and keep track of spending.