Reproduction in plants

Part - 2
Learning objectives
�Plants can reproduce using sexual reproduction,
produces new varieties.
�Plants have special reproductive organs.
�Describe the structure of unisexual and bisexual
flowers.
�Describe the structure of wind and insect pollinated
flower and its adaptations to perform pollination.
Sexual reproduction in plants
�Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion
of gametes, resulting in offspring genetically different
from the parent or parents.
�Reproductive organ of a plant : flower
�Types : unisexual and bisexual flowers
�Video link :https://youtu.be/2ycl2E9r-_o
(Sexual reproduction in flowering plant)
Structure & parts of a flower
�Perfect or bisexual
Flowers having both carpels and stamens.
�Imperfect or unisexual
Flowers lack one of the reproductive organ.
�Monoecious
Unisexual flowers are found on the same individual plant
but in different locations.
�Dioecious
Unisexual flower is found only on separate individuals.
Bisexual flower
�Bisexual or perfect lowers have both male
(androecium) and female (gynoecium) reproductive
structures, including stamens and an ovary.

�Ex: Hibiscus, Lily, Rose, Sweet pea etc.

Unisexual flower
�A unisexual flower is defined as a flower that possesses
either stamens or carpels.

�They do not have both stamens and carpels.

�Staminate (male) and carpellate (Female)

�Ex:Coconut flowers, Papaya, Water melon, Cucumber,

Maize, Musk melon, Pumpkin, Pine, snake gourd,
Bitter gourd etc.
Pollination
�Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from
the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.
�The goal of every living organism, including plants, is
to create offspring for the next generation.
�One of the ways that plants can produce offspring is by
making seeds.
�Types – Self and cross pollination
Self pollination
�Self-pollination is the more basic type of pollination
because it only involves one flower.
�This type of pollination occurs when pollen grains
from the anther fall directly onto the stigma of the same
flower.
Cross pollination
�Cross pollination is when one plant pollinates a plant
of another variety.
�The two plants' genetic material combines and the
resulting seeds from that pollination will have
characteristics of both varieties and is a new variety.
�Sometimes cross pollinating is used intentionally in the
garden to create new varieties
Agents of pollination
Wind pollination
�Pollination of plants by means of pollen carried on the
wind.

�"favourable conditions for wind pollination“

�Ex: wheat, rice, corn, rye, barley, and oats

Insect pollination
�Insects typically pollinate flowers as they move from
plant to plant searching for food.
�When an insect lands on a flower to feed, pollen grains
stick to its body.
�As the insect moves to another flower of the same
species, these pollen grains are transferred to the
flower's stigma and pollination occurs.
D/B wind and insect pollination
D/B sexual and asexual in plants
Sexual reproduction
�Relatively slower mode of reproduction
�Genetic variations are seen
�Less prone to diseases
Asexual reproduction
�Easier and faster mode of reproduction
�Seedless plants can also be grown by vegetative
propagation
�Desired traits can be preserved through generations
�New plants formed are genetically identical to parents
�More prone to diseases
�No genetic variations