Pathfinder The Upper Room

11 September 2021
Fun Facts #1 : do you know?
How much blood does your body have?

A. 2-3% of your body mass

B. 7-8% of your body mass

C. 15-16% of your body mass

D. 24-25% of your body mass

Fun Facts #1 : do you know?
How much blood does your body have?

A. 2-3% of your body mass

B. 7-8% of your body mass

C. 15-16% of your body mass

D. 24-25% of your body mass

Fun Facts #2 : do you know?
Two drops of blood contains …………… red blood cells.

A. One thousand

B. One million

C. One billion

D. One trillion
Fun Facts #2 : do you know?
Two drops of blood contains …………… red blood
cells.
A. One thousand

B. One million

C. One billion

D. One trillion
Fun Facts #3 : do you know?
Below are the three main functions of blood, except :

A. Transportation

B. Protection

C. Regulation

D. Metabolism
Fun Facts #3 : do you know?
Below are the three main functions of blood, except :

A. Transportation

B. Protection

C. Regulation

D. Metabolism
Blood Components
Blood Components: zoom in!
Plasma: the breakdown
Absorbs,
transports and
releases heat Osmotic
balance
pH
buffering

Defense
mechanism

Blood
clotting
Red Blood Cells: the breakdown

Biconcave shape
increases surface
area of cells by

30%
White Blood Cells: the breakdown
White Blood Cells: components

62%

2%

1%

30%

5%
Platelets
Platelets in blood clotting
Blood cells production
How can blood help defend your body?
• White blood cells and lymphatic organs build our immune system

Lymphatic organs:
•Lymph : extracellular fluid that
WBCs can travel through.
•Spleen : an organ that filters
bacteria and broken cells from
the lymph
•Lymph nodes : tissues act as
filters
How does the Immune System Work?
There are two ways in which the immune system operates:
•Nonspecific defenses- Tries to keep everything out
• Skin, mucus, cilia, tears, stomach acid, etc.
•Specific Defenses- Fights off infection once the pathogen gets inside
the body.
• White Blood Cells (WBC’s)

If the pathogen gets inside anyway, there are things your body usually
does to try to slow the invader down:
• Fever- raising body temperature to help denature the pathogen’s proteins
• Expand blood vessels- WBC’s can get to the infection site more quickly
• This is called inflammation, and can be painful
How White Blood Cells Destroy Antigens
• T Cells: antigen-recognizer cells
• They travel through the body in search of
pathogens
• When they find an antigen, they engulf it
and destroy it, then they do something
weird
• They display parts of the antigen on their
membranes, to expose it to the other type
of WBC, the B cells.

Then, …

• B Cells: memory cells

• If the B cells have seen this antigen
before, they get to work mass producing
antibodies
• If the B cells haven’t, they start to build
antibodies from scratch
Antibodies : the breakdown
Allergies
• An allergy is a condition where the body
misrecognizes something that is harmless
as a pathogen (= allergen)
• Histamines are the chemicals released to
cause the inflammatory response
• Example: Pollen can cause a fever, runny
nose, and sneezing

• Some allergies can trigger a severe

reaction, called anaphylactic shock
• This can cause choking due to a constricted
airway
How to aid someone having anaphylactic shock
Immunity
• Two types of immunity
• Active: Your body knows how to make the antibodies
How to get active immunity?
1.Get infected with the illness and fight it off—your body learns how to make the
antibodies
2.Get a vaccination, which is a weakened or dead form of the disease, and your body can
still learn how to make the antibodies, but you don’t get sick

• Passive: You receive antibodies from another source, but your body doesn’t
know how to make them
•Mother’s milk
•Injection of antibodies
What happens during “Immunization”?
Hallelujah!