Measuring Women in Poverty and Access To Resources - The Philippine Experience

Global Forum on Gender Statistics
10-12 December 2007
Measuring Women in Poverty and

Access to Resources –
The Philippine Experience
Presented by
Jessamyn O. Encarnacion
National Statistical Coordination Board

Rome, Italy
10-12 December 2007
Slide No. 1 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD
Outline
Outline of
of Presentation
Presentation Global Forum on Gender Statistics
10-12 December 2007
I. Introduction
II. Women in Poverty
III. Women’s Access to Resources
IV. Other NSCB Initiatives
V. Other Efforts of the PSS
VI. Philippine Gross National Happiness Index
(by sex)

I.I. Introduction
Introduction Global Forum on Gender Statistics
10-12 December 2007
• From 2000 to 2003, women accounted for the second

largest number of poor population (after the children)
Magnitude of Poverty
poor women Incidence (%)
2000 12.2 million 32.3
2003 11.6 million 29.0
• Gender differential still remains as an issue in economic

participation
 Economic participation - 80% for men versus 50% for
women in 2006
 Employment rate - 74% for men versus 46% for women
in 2005
• Poses a challenge to the country in achieving Goal 3 of the

MDGs!
I.I. Introduction
10-12 December 2007
About the NSCB
• The Philippine Statistical System is a decentralized

statistical system
• Many agencies of government generate statistics
NSO
Bureau of Agricultural Statistics
Bureau of Labor & Employment Statistics
BSP
DENR, DOT, DepED, CHED, DOH, DOST, etc.
• Need for coordinating agency

I.I. Introduction
10-12 December 2007
About the NSCB
Executive Order 121

Reorganizing the Philippine Statistical System
and for Other Purposes
• Issued on January 30, 1987
• Created the National Statistical Coordination Board

(NSCB) as the highest policy-making and coordinating
body on statistical matters in the country

I.I. Introduction
10-12 December 2007
About the NSCB

Our Products
• Compiles the National Accounts of the Philippines
Estimates GDP, GNP
• Generates Official Poverty Statistics
Poverty Threshold
Poverty Incidence
• Philippine Statistical Yearbook
• Leading economic index, foreign direct investments, etc.
• Satellite accounts for tourism, health, education
• Other economic and social statistics

I.I. Introduction
10-12 December 2007
About the NSCB

Our Services
• Coordination services
Inter-agency concerns
Survey review system
Designation of statistics
Subnational statistical system
• Online statistical service
• Technical services (including data requests and advocacy
for statistical awareness)
• Administers the NATIONAL STATISTICAL INFORMATION
CENTER
http://www.nscb.gov.ph

II.
II. Women
Women in
in Poverty
Poverty Global Forum on Gender Statistics
10-12 December 2007
Official Poverty Statistics

• Until 2007, official poverty estimates compiled by the
NSCB are disaggregated by geographical location
- National
- Regional
- Provincial
• Still, one of the demands is poverty statistics at lower
levels and sectoral disaggregation

II.
II. Women
Women in
in Poverty
10-12 December 2007
Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act

(RA 8425)
• Declared that the State should adopt an area-

based sectoral and focused intervention to
poverty alleviation
• Defined the basic sectors as the disadvantaged
sectors of Philippine society

II.
II. Women
Women in
in Poverty
10-12 December 2007
14 Basic Sectors
1. Farmer-peasant
2. Artisanal fisherfolk
3. Workers in the formal sector and migrant workers
4. WOMEN
5. Senior citizens
6. Youth and students
7. Children
8. Urban poor
9. Workers in the informal sectors
10. Indigenous peoples and cultural communities
11. Differently-abled persons
12. Victims of calamities and disasters
13. Cooperatives
14. Non-government organizations

II.
II. Women
Women in
in Poverty
10-12 December 2007
Poverty statistics for the basic sectors
• NSCB Resolution No. 11, Series of 2007,

“Approving the Methodology for the Generation
of Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sectors”
• As an off-shoot of the NSCB project funded by
the UNDP on the “Development of Poverty
Statistics for the Basic Sectors Project”

II.
II. Women
Women in
in Poverty
10-12 December 2007
Data sources
• 2000 and 2003 Family Income and Expenditures

Survey (FIES)
• 4th quarter 2000 and 2003 round of the Labor
Force Survey (LFS) undertaken in January 2004
• 2000 Census of Population and Housing (CPH)
• 2000 and 2003 Philippine Poverty Statistics

II.
II. Women
Women in
in Poverty
10-12 December 2007
Variable Data source

1. Income FIES was used for classifying households as poor
or non-poor
2. Sectoral LFS was used to assign household members into

characteristic of the sectors
population
3. Total population Estimated total population of the sector based on

the FIES and LFS.
However, for years when the conduct of the CPH

and FIES coincide, data from the CPH will be used
(e.g., 2000) to estimate the total population for
four sectors, namely, women, youth, children, and
senior citizen. Otherwise, data from FIES will be
used.

II.
II. Women
Women in
in Poverty
10-12 December 2007
• Both FIES and LFS follow the Integrated Survey of

Households (ISH) sampling scheme, making the
estimation of poverty incidence straightforward.
For example, the poverty incidence for women is:
Number of poor women

Poverty incidence women = ----------------------------------
Total number of women

II.
II. Women
Women in
in Poverty
10-12 December 2007
• Distribution of the basic sectors

Share of sectoral population to the total population, Philippines (2000 and 2003)
60 .0
49.6 48.9 49.9 48.7
50 .0
43.3 42.4
40 .0
%Distribution
29.3
30 .0
27.5
18.3 19.1
20 .0
2000
10 .0 6.0 6.4 6.8 5.8
2003
1.2 1.2
0.0
Women Youth Children Senior Citizens Urban Po or Migrant and Farmers Fishermen
Formal Sector
Workers
Sector

II.
II. Women
Women in
in Poverty
10-12 December 2007
Poverty incidence among the eight sectors

2000 2003
Pov Inc,
% Diff
Pov Inc CV Pov Inc CV
Women 32.3 1.6 29.0 1.3 3.3
Youth 24.5 1.9 23.5 1.6 1.0
Children 42.5 1.7 38.8 1.2 3.7
Senior Citizens 28.0 3.0 18.4 2.7 9.6
Urban poor 17.3 2.5 15.9 2.7 1.4
Migrant and Formal 18.7 2.2 18.4 2.0 0.3
Sector Workers
Farmers 46.6 1.9 42.4 1.7 4.2
Fishermen 50.8 3.6 43.6 3.7 7.2
Poverty Incidence among the Population (Phils. 2003) – 30.0
Highlights:
• The poverty incidence for all sectors decreased from 2000 to 2003. The Senior Citizens, Fishermen
and Farmers sectors exhibited the largest decreases.
• Three sectors were worse off than the country’s poverty incidence among the population of 30.0.
These are the Children, Farmers and Fishermen sectors.
• In terms of magnitude of poor population, the Children, Women and Urban Sectors are the largest.

II.
II. Women
Women in
in Poverty
10-12 December 2007
Poverty incidence by sector and region, 2000 and 2003
Women
P o v e rt y In c id e n c e
70 .0
58. 1
6 0 .0 53.3 53.7
51.4
47.2 49. 0 48.8
50 .0 45. 5 45.0 46. 5
43.9 42. 9 43.42.2
6 44. 0 42.4
38.8 37. 4 38.5
4 0 .0
31. 6
34.1 34.9 34.1
31. 6 2000
29.3 28.7
26.7
3 0 .0 23. 2
19.7 2003
17. 3 17.18.
8 3
2 0 .0
8. 46. 5
10 .0
0 .0
Re gion
Poverty Incidence among Women (Phils. 2003) – 29.0
Highlights:
• Region VII exhibited the largest decrease in poverty incidence while Region IX showed the largest
increase from 2000 to 2003.
• CAR, ARMM, CARAGA, Regions I, IV-B, V, VI, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII were worse off than the national
poverty incidence for the women sector.
• In terms of magnitude of poor women population, Regions IV-A, V and VI are the largest.

II.
II. Women
Women in
in Poverty
10-12 December 2007
• Summary of findings
Range of regional poverty incidence Number of regions Number of regions
worse off than the worse off than the
Sector 2000 2003 general population regional situation
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum 2000 2003 2000 2003

Women 8.4 58.1 6.5 53.7 12 12 4 2
Youth 5.4 47.0 4.1 49.5 13 12 0 0
Children 13.8 68.6 10.9 61.7 12 12 17 17
Senior 5.8 52.3 3.3 38.7 11 12 3 0

Citizens
Urban poor 7.3 50.7 6.7 43.9 13 12 0 0
Migrant 3.5 39.2 3.3 37.0 12 12 0 0

and Formal
Sector
Workers
Farmers1 26.4 64.2 6.7 65.7 9 8 13 13
Fishermen2 24.2 66.6 17.9 72.9 8 7 14 14
1 / Excludes NCR in 2000 due to high CV (with CV > 50 percent) 2/ Excludes CAR in 2000 due to high CV (with CV >
50 percent)

III.
III. Women’s
Women’s Access
Access to
to Resources
Resources Global Forum on Gender Statistics
10-12 December 2007
• Observed gender inequality in economic participation

• Hence, men have greater economic “visibility” and
higher contribution to the economy, more participation in
making economic decisions, and more access to credit
• Economic undercount of women thus puts them in a
situation that can perpetuate, if not outright worsen the
inequity between men and women
• Need for information on women’s and men’s contribution
to the economy

III.
III. Women’s
Women’s Access
Access to
to Resources
10-12 December 2007
• Efforts on the generation of satellite accounts:

a. “Measuring The Contribution of Women To The
Philippine Economy” by Romulo A. Virola and Sylvia
M. de Perio (1998)
b. “ Women’s Contribution To The Economy” by Romulo
A. Virola (1999)
c. “Do Women Contribute Less Than Men to Nation
Building” by Romulo A. Virola, Jessamyn O.
Encarnacion, Armyl G. Zaguirre, Raymond S. Perez
(2007)

III.
III. Women’s
Women’s Access
Access to
to Resources
10-12 December 2007
• Taking off from the methodology used by Virola and de

Perio in 1998
• Using updated parameters from the results of the 2000
TUS.
Total Unpaid Hours per Day (from various studies)
Total Unpaid Hours / Day
Women Men
Employment Status NEDA NEDA
(1984), IPC / TUS / NSO (2000) b/
(1984), IPC / TUS / NSO (2000) b/
ILLO (1985- ILLO (1985-
1990) a/ Original Adjusted c/ 1990) a/ Original Adjusted c/
Employed 4.271 7.155 6.554 1.218 5.455 5.054
Unemployed 6.575 8.704 8.034 1.875 5.171 4.906
Outside the Labor Force 6.575 8.704 8.034 1.875 5.171 4.906
a/
Used in the 1998 study of Virola and de Perio
b/
Used in this study
c/
Details of the “original” were: 1) rescaled to add up to 24 hours (1 day); and 2) weighted using
urban (for Quezon City) and rural (for Batangas) population as weights.

III.
III. Women’s
Women’s Access
Access to
to Resources
10-12 December 2007
 Unpaid work adds 66.2 percent to GDP!
Table 1. Pe rcentage Distribution of Value of Unpaid Hours (Hous e w ork Se rvices )

to GDP, At Curre nt Prices
% to GDP
Women Men Total
Year OC/MP MP OC/MP MP OC/MP MP
2000 46.69 40.73 48.60 27.42 95.28 68.15

2001 47.45 40.90 48.48 27.73 95.93 68.63
2002 47.23 40.84 49.27 27.80 96.51 68.64
2003 44.82 38.83 47.69 26.17 92.50 65.00
2004 43.55 37.90 48.16 25.63 91.70 63.54
2005 45.29 39.19 47.84 26.63 93.13 65.83
2006 44.89 38.93 48.56 26.40 93.45 65.33
2000-2006 45.52 39.46 48.34 26.73 93.86 66.19

III.
III. Women’s
Women’s Access
Access to
to Resources
10-12 December 2007
 Women’s share to GDP increased by 8 percentage

points!
Table 2. Percentage Share to GDP and Adjusted GDP by Sex, 2000-2006
Conventional GDP Adjusted GDP

Year Men Women Total Men Women Total
2000 61.80 38.20 100.00 53.06 46.94 100.00

2001 60.42 39.58 100.00 52.27 47.73 100.00
2002 60.49 39.51 100.00 52.35 47.65 100.00
2003 61.62 38.38 100.00 53.21 46.79 100.00
2004 62.10 37.90 100.00 53.65 46.35 100.00
2005 61.12 38.88 100.00 52.92 47.08 100.00
2006 61.07 38.93 100.00 52.91 47.09 100.00
2000-2006 61.23 38.77 100.00 52.93 47.07 100.00

III.
III. Women’s
Women’s Access
Access to
to Resources
10-12 December 2007
 Women account for 59.6 percent of the total hours of

unpaid work!
Table 3. Pe rce ntage Dis tribution of Total Unpaid Hour s of Wor k (Hous e w or k Se r vice s )
by Se x, Em ploye d, Une m ploye d and Not in the Labor For ce
2000-2006
Women Men
Employed 44.68 55.32
A griculture, Fishery and Forestry 11.07 24.84

Mining and Quarrying 0.03 0.29
Manuf acturing 5.09 4.62
Electricity, Gas and Water 0.08 0.28
Construction 0.11 4.53
Wholesale and Retail Trade 12.99 6.31
Transportation, Communication and Storage 0.44 6.30
Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services 1.49 1.60
Government Services 8.04 5.17
Private Services 5.34 1.38
Unemployed 50.95 49.05
Not in the Labor Force 81.25 18.75
TOTA L 59.62 40.38

III.
III. Women’s
Women’s Access
Access to
to Resources
10-12 December 2007
 Women not in the labor force account for more than

half of the total value of unpaid work of women!
Table 4. Pe r ce ntage Dis tr ibution of Total
V alue of Unpaid Hour s of Wor k (Hous e w or k
Se r vice s ) by Se x for All (M ar k e t Pr ice ), In
At Cur r e nt Pr ice s
20 00-20 06
Wo m e n Men
Em p lo ye d 40 .62 74 .23
Un e m plo ye d 5.12 7.28
No t in th e La bo r F o rc e 54 .26 18 .4 9
TOT AL 10 0.00 100 .00

III.
III. Women’s
Women’s Access
Access to
to Resources
10-12 December 2007
Other findings of the study:
• Women accounted for only 27.4 percent of the total Net

Factor Income from Abroad (NFIA)
• Women contributed 46.2 percent of the adjusted Gross

National Product (GNP) from 38.0 percent when unpaid
work was not included

IV.
IV. Other
Other NSCB
NSCB Initiatives
Initiatives Global Forum on Gender Statistics
10-12 December 2007
Core GAD Indicators Data Framework
 contains the key macroeconomic impact indicators

needed to monitor and assess the state of gender and
development in the country
 serves as reference for government and non-government

organizations in the formulation of indicators for monitoring
and assessment of outputs and impact of their GAD activities

IV.
IV. Other
Other NSCB
NSCB Initiatives
10-12 December 2007
Core GAD Indicators Data Framework

 the 20 core GAD indicators cover the PFA areas of
concern:
(1) education and training;
(2) economy;
(3) health;
(4) poverty;
(5) institutional mechanism;
(6) media;
(7) power and decision-making;
(8) environment;
(9) violence against women;
(10)girl child;
(11)armed conflict; and
(12)human rights
IV.
IV. Other
Other NSCB
NSCB Initiatives
10-12 December 2007
The Philippine Statistical Handbook on Women and Men
 compilation of latest available statistics highlighting the

differences between women and men
 focuses on the situation of women relative to men in the ff
areas:
1. Population and Families 8. Public Life
2. Work 9. Migration
3. Economic Participation 10. Peace and Human Rights
4. Agriculture 11. Violence Against Women and
5. Education Children
6. Health and Nutrition 12. Environment
7. Social Welfare 13. Millennium Development Goal

IV.
IV. Other
Other NSCB
NSCB Initiatives
10-12 December 2007
Coordination mechanisms
 creation of the Interagency Committee (IAC) on

Gender Statistics to serve as a strategic mechanism
to sustain the efforts and initiatives in the generation
and improvement of gender statistics and
institutionalize the implementation of the GAD

V.
V. Other
Other Efforts
Efforts of
of the
the PSS
PSS Global Forum on Gender Statistics
10-12 December 2007
National Demographic and Health Survey
Conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) every

five years
Designed to provide information on population, family
planning, and health to assist policymakers and program
managers in evaluating and designing strategies for
improving health and family planning services in the
country

V.
V. Other
Other Efforts
Efforts of
of the
the PSS
10-12 December 2007
Statistical Tables in the NDHS

• Household population and housing characteristics
• Characteristics of respondents and women’s status
• Fertility
• Family planning
• Determinants of fertility
• Fertility preferences
• Infant and child Mortality
• Maternal and child health
• Infant feeding and supplementation
• HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections
• Tuberculosis
• General health

V.
V. Other
Other Efforts
Efforts of
of the
the PSS
10-12 December 2007
Latest improvements in the 2003 NDHS

• Distribution of women employed in the twelve months
preceding the survey receiving cash earnings by person
who decides how earnings are to be used by marital
status, educational attainment, age group
• Distribution of women who say that they alone or jointly

have the final say in specific decisions, by age group by
number of living children
•Distribution of women by person who has the final say in

making specific decisions, according to current marital
status and type of decision

V.
V. Other
Other Efforts
Efforts of
of the
the PSS
10-12 December 2007
Latest improvements in the 2003 NDHS

• Percentage of women who agree that a husband is
justified in hitting or beating his wife and percentage of
women who believe that a wife is justified in refusing sex
with her husband for specific reasons

V.
V. Other
Other Efforts
Efforts of
of the
the PSS
10-12 December 2007
Maternal and Child Health Survey

• Presents data on prenatal and postpartum care,
protection at birth against neonatal tetanus, breastfeeding,
and immunization
• conducted annually by the National Statistics Office
(NSO) except when years when the NDHS is conducted
• It involved interviewing all female members aged 15 to
49 years in the sample households in the Labor Force
Survey (LFS), who have surviving children below three
years of age

V.
V. Other
Other Efforts
Efforts of
of the
the PSS
10-12 December 2007
Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Survey

• provides information on dating, marriage, and the onset
of sexual activity in the Philippines
• conducted by the University of the Philippines
Population Institute

VI. Digression
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Global Forum on Gender Statistics
Happiness
Happiness Index
Index 10-12 December 2007
Measuring Progress of Philippine Society:

Gross National Product
or Gross National Happiness
by
Romulo A. Virola
and Jessamyn O. Encarnacion
Presented during the 10th National Convention on Statistics

EDSA Shangri-la Plaza Hotel, Mandaluyong City, Philippines
1-2 October 2007

VI. Digression
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Global Forum on Gender Statistics
Happiness
Happiness Index
• WHY DO WE WORK?
• WOULD WE RATHER BE RICH OR WOULD WE RATHER BE

HAPPY?
• WHAT DO WE REALLY WANT IN LIFE?
• HOW DO WE MEASURE PROGRESS?
• SHOULD MEASURES OF NATIONAL PROGRESS CAPTURE

OUR OWN “PERSONAL” PROGRESS?

VI.
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Digression
Happiness
Happiness Index
Phil. Gross National Happiness Index (PGNHI)
Philippine Gross National Happiness Index

(PGNHI)
Philippine Happiness Index Philippine Economic Index

(PHI) (PEI)

VI.
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Digression
Happiness
Happiness Index
Community
1. Conceptual Framework participation &

volunteer work Religion and
spiritual work
Cultural
activities
Sex life
HI1
Education
HI2 Technological
know-how
Family
Work
Friends
Philippine Economy
Happiness Index
Health
Environment
Income and
financial
security Government
HI n Leisure and
sports Politics
Note: From 14 (during the pilot) to 17
Others
domains Love life

VI.
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Digression
Happiness
Happiness Index
• Pilot survey ( nonrandom)
 Private company employees

 Government office employees
 Participants in the National Convention on Statistics
 Students in a private university
 Participants in the 48th ASP Convention

VI.
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Digression
Happiness
Happiness Index
The Philippine Gross National Happiness Index

· RESPONDENTS FIND FAMILY, HEALTH AND RELIGION AS MOST
IMPORTANT DOMAINS OF HAPPINESS, POLITICS AS THE LEAST!
Average
Rank
importance
No. of respondents 167
Source/Domain
Family 9.45 1
Health 8.95 2
Religion and/or spiritual work 8.59 3
Friends 8.57 4
Income and financial security 8.30 5
Education 8.25 6
Love life 8.20 7
Work 7.94 8
Environment 7.88 9
Economy 7.84 10
Technological know-how 7.17 11
Leisure and sports 6.98 12
Government 6.53 13
Sex life 6.39 14
Community and volunteer work 6.24 15
Cultural activities 5.88 16
Politics 5.84 17

VI.
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Digression
Happiness
Happiness Index

• RESPONDENTS ARE HAPPIEST WITH FAMILY, FRIENDS, RELIGION,
AND LOVE LIFE; LEAST HAPPY WITH POLITICS, GOVERNMENT, AND
ECONOMY!
• LOVE IS AN IMPORTANT DIMENSION FOR PINOYS!
Happiness
Rank
Index
No. of respondents 167
Source/Domain
Family 88.46 1
Friends 83.57 2
Religion and/or spiritual work 79.81 3
Love life 79.37 4
Health 78.02 5
Education 76.74 6
Sex life 72.57 7
Work 70.98 8
Leisure and sports 70.00 9
Community and volunteer work 69.14 10
Technological know-how 68.91 11
Income and financial security 68.83 12
Cultural activities 66.61 13
Environment 51.90 14
Economy 49.72 15
Government 35.49 16
Politics 25.49 17

VI.
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Digression
Happiness
Happiness Index

· RESPONDENTS FIND INCOME VERY IMPORTANT BUT HAPPINESS
DERIVED FROM IT IS LOW!
NCS
Average Happiness
Rank Rank
importance Index
Source/Domain
Family 9.45 1 88.46 1
Friends 8.57 4 83.57 2
Religion and/or spiritual work 8.59 3 79.81 3
Love life 8.20 7 79.37 4
Health 8.95 2 78.02 5
Education 8.25 6 76.74 6
Sex life 6.39 14 72.57 7
Work 7.94 8 70.98 8
Leisure and sports 6.98 12 70.00 9
Community and volunteer work 6.24 15 69.14 10
Technological know-how 7.17 11 68.91 11
Income and financial security 8.30 5 68.83 12
Cultural activities 5.88 16 66.61 13
Environment 7.88 9 51.90 14
Economy 7.84 10 49.72 15
Government 6.53 13 35.49 16
Politics 5.84 17 25.49 17
VI.
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Digression
Happiness
Happiness Index

· RESPONDENTS FIND SEX LIFE NOT IMPORTANT – BUT HAPPINESS
DERIVED FROM IT IS HIGH!
NCS
Average Happiness
Rank Rank
importance Index
Source/Domain
Family 9.45 1 88.46 1
Friends 8.57 4 83.57 2
Religion and/or spiritual work 8.59 3 79.81 3
Love life 8.20 7 79.37 4
Health 8.95 2 78.02 5
Education 8.25 6 76.74 6
Sex life 6.39 14 72.57 7
Work 7.94 8 70.98 8
Leisure and sports 6.98 12 70.00 9
Community and volunteer work 6.24 15 69.14 10
Technological know-how 7.17 11 68.91 11
Income and financial security 8.30 5 68.83 12
Cultural activities 5.88 16 66.61 13
Environment 7.88 9 51.90 14
Economy 7.84 10 49.72 15
Government 6.53 13 35.49 16
Politics 5.84 17 25.49 17

VI.
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Digression
Happiness
Happiness Index

· BOTH MEN AND WOMEN FIND FAMILY AND FRIENDS AS MOST
IMPORTANT DOMAINS AND SOURCES OF HAPPINESS, ENVIRONMENT,
ECONOMY, GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS AS THE LEAST!
Comparison of Level of Importance and Happiness Index of 10th NCS Participants
10th NCS Participants

Level of importance Happiness index
Average importance Rank Happiness Index Rank
Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men
Source/Domain
Family 9.50 9.72 1 1 88.52 87.71 1 1
Friends 8.60 8.55 4 2 83.36 84.48 2 2
Religion and/or spiritual work 8.67 8.31 3 5 81.33 77.25 3 4
Love life 7.97 8.48 9 3 80.71 75.95 4 5
Health 9.22 8.33 2 4 79.24 75.65 5 7
Education 8.36 7.69 6 8 77.74 77.46 6 3
Sex life 5.68 7.92 17 6 72.88 71.48 7 11
Work 8.06 7.30 8 10 70.63 74.26 8 9
Income and financial security 8.44 7.79 5 7 69.66 67.86 9 13
Community and volunteer work 6.44 5.46 14 15 69.25 70.69 10 12
Leisure and sports 6.87 7.26 13 11 69.21 74.49 11 8
Technological know-how 7.06 7.15 11 12 67.11 75.94 12 6
Cultural activities 5.77 6.33 16 14 65.50 71.75 13 10
Environment 8.24 6.62 7 13 54.58 47.48 14 15
Economy 7.92 7.44 10 9 50.85 48.95 15 14
Government 6.90 5.27 12 16 33.75 43.99 16 16
Politics 6.23 4.36 15 17 25.89 21.31 17 17

VI.
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Digression
Happiness
Happiness Index

· WOMEN FIND LOVE IMPORTANT BUT NOT SEX WHILE MEN FIND BOTH
LOVE & SEX IMPORTANT - THERE IS A MISMATCH !
Comparison of Level of Importance of 10th NCS Participants

Level of importance
Average Rank
Women Men Women Men
Source/Domain
Family 9.50 9.72 1 1
Friends 8.60 8.55 4 2
Religion and/or spiritual work 8.67 8.31 3 5
Love life 7.97 8.48 9 3
Health 9.22 8.33 2 4
Education 8.36 7.69 6 8
Sex life 5.68 7.92 17 6
Work 8.06 7.30 8 10
Income and financial security 8.44 7.79 5 7
Community and volunteer work 6.44 5.46 14 15
Leisure and sports 6.87 7.26 13 11
Technological know-how 7.06 7.15 11 12
Cultural activities 5.77 6.33 16 14
Environment 8.24 6.62 7 13
Economy 7.92 7.44 10 9
Government 6.90 5.27 12 16
Politics 6.23 4.36 15 17

VI.
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Digression
Happiness
Happiness Index

· WOMEN ARE HAPPIER WITH SEX THAN MEN!
Comparison of Happiness Index of 10th NCS Participants

Happiness index
Happiness Index Rank
Women Men Women Men
Source/Domain
Family 88.52 87.71 1 1
Friends 83.36 84.48 2 2
Religion and/or spiritual work 81.33 77.25 3 4
Love life 80.71 75.95 4 5
Health 79.24 75.65 5 7
Education 77.74 77.46 6 3
Sex life 72.88 71.48 7 11
Work 70.63 74.26 8 9
Income and financial security 69.66 67.86 9 13
Community and volunteer work 69.25 70.69 10 12
Leisure and sports 69.21 74.49 11 8
Technological know-how 67.11 75.94 12 6
Cultural activities 65.50 71.75 13 10
Environment 54.58 47.48 14 15
Economy 50.85 48.95 15 14
Government 33.75 43.99 16 16
Politics 25.89 21.31 17 17

VI.
VI. Philippine
Philippine Gross
Gross National
National Digression
Happiness
Happiness Index
Based on a single question, WOMEN ARE HAPPIER THAN

MEN!
women – 75.73 %
men – 63.11 %
Deriving index from all domains of happiness, MEN ARE

JUST AS HAPPY AS WOMEN!
women – 67.07 %
men – 67.45 %

10-12 December 2007
Thank you!
visit: www. nscb.gov.ph
email: jo.encarnacion@nscb.gov.ph
info@nscb.gov.ph

Measuring Women in Poverty and Access To Resources - The Philippine Experience

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Measuring Women in Poverty and Access To Resources - The Philippine Experience

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Global Forum on Gender Statistics

10-12 December 2007

Measuring Women in Poverty and

Global Forum on Gender Statistics

Slide No. 2 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

• From 2000 to 2003, women accounted for the second

• Gender differential still remains as an issue in economic

• Poses a challenge to the country in achieving Goal 3 of the

About the NSCB

• The Philippine Statistical System is a decentralized

• Need for coordinating agency

Slide No. 4 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

About the NSCB

Executive Order 121

• Issued on January 30, 1987

• Created the National Statistical Coordination Board

Slide No. 5 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

About the NSCB

Slide No. 6 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

About the NSCB

Slide No. 7 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

Official Poverty Statistics

Slide No. 8 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act

• Declared that the State should adopt an area-

Slide No. 9 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

Slide No. 10 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

Poverty statistics for the basic sectors

• NSCB Resolution No. 11, Series of 2007,

Slide No. 11 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

• 2000 and 2003 Family Income and Expenditures

Slide No. 12 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

Variable Data source

2. Sectoral LFS was used to assign household members into

3. Total population Estimated total population of the sector based on

However, for years when the conduct of the CPH

Slide No. 13 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

• Both FIES and LFS follow the Integrated Survey of

Number of poor women

Slide No. 14 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

• Distribution of the basic sectors

Slide No. 15 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

Poverty incidence among the eight sectors

Slide No. 16 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

Poverty incidence by sector and region, 2000 and 2003

Poverty Incidence among Women (Phils. 2003) – 29.0

Slide No. 17 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum 2000 2003 2000 2003

Youth 5.4 47.0 4.1 49.5 13 12 0 0

Children 13.8 68.6 10.9 61.7 12 12 17 17

Senior 5.8 52.3 3.3 38.7 11 12 3 0

Migrant 3.5 39.2 3.3 37.0 12 12 0 0

Fishermen2 24.2 66.6 17.9 72.9 8 7 14 14

Slide No. 18 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

• Observed gender inequality in economic participation

Slide No. 19 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

• Efforts on the generation of satellite accounts:

Slide No. 20 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

• Taking off from the methodology used by Virola and de

Total Unpaid Hours / Day

Slide No. 21 JOEncarnacion Dec. 2007 NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

 Unpaid work adds 66.2 percent to GDP!

Table 1. Pe rcentage Distribution of Value of Unpaid Hours (Hous e w ork Se rvices )