Photometrics

Lecture - 02
Fundamentals in Lighting Design
Last class..

Source
Brain

Environment

Subject How to measure? Receiver

Lighting metrics

Quantitative Qualitative

• Luminous intensity • Color

• Luminous flux • Brightness
• Illuminance • Contrast
• Luminance • Color Rendering Index
• Luminous efficacy • Glare
Color

Color in light is measured through

Color temperature

Source -https://www.olympus-lifescience.com/en/microscope-resource/primer/lightandcolor/colortemp/
Color temperature of light

Source - https://www.lamps.com/blog/light-color-temperature-kelvin/
Color Rendering Index

Source - https://www.lamps.com/blog/light-color-temperature-kelvin/
Glare

Source - https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/17438/how-to-create-a-realistic-sun-lens-flare-using-photoshop
Lighting metrics - Quantitative

Luminous Intensity
[candela]

Luminous flux
[lumens]

Luminance
Illuminance [candela/m2]
[lumens/m2 = Lux]

Very much influence the visual acuity

Luminous intensity - glare
Luminous intensity – In practise

c to r
fa
View
Intensity of the source
Lighting Schemes

https://www.teslashub.com/2019/07/891y43987.html
Daylighting control mechanisms

Louvers Blinds
Photometric data file

Luminous
Light output
intensity
Photometric
file
Angular
Luminous flux
spread of light
Photometric viewer

https://www.colorkinetics.com/global/support/ies#ies/?view_1321_filters=%5B%7
B%22value%22%3A%22Active%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Active%20Luminaire%
22%2C%22operator%22%3A%22is%22%2C%22field%22%3A%22field_292%22%7D
%5D&view_1321_page=2
Illuminance attributes
Point load method
Varies based on
Distance View angle

Work Plane
d
α
0.8 m

Inverse Square law

Lambert’s Cosine law
  E=   E=
E is illuminance of light [Lux]
d is distance for light source [m] E is illuminance of light [Lux]
d is distance for light source [m]
Standards & Codes
National Building code of India 2016
Part 8 > Section 1 > Chapter 4 > Table 4
Standards & Codes
National Building code of India 2016
Part 8 > Section 1 > Chapter 4 > Table 8
Standards & Codes
Energy Conservation Building Code 2017
Chapter 6 > Table 6-1

Separate tables provided for exterior lighting and for ECBC+ & Super ECBC
compliances
Standards & Codes
Energy Conservation Building Code 2017
Chapter 6 > Table 6-4

Separate tables provided for ECBC+ & Super ECBC compliances

Lumen lamp method
Determines the total number of luminaries required for the
chosen illuminance for available indoor surfaces spectral
properties
  𝐸𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝑋 𝐴 r ⅇ 𝑎
𝑁=
𝐿𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑋 𝑈𝐹 𝑋 𝑀𝐹
N Number of luminaires required
Illuminance required (Refer NBC as mentioned before)
Area refers to floor area that needs to be illuminated
UF utilisation factor also termed as co-efficient of utilisation. Computed
based on Room Cavity Ratio and reflectance of surfaces
MF Maintenance factor also termed as Light loss factor. The value lies
between 0.8-0.9 and accounts lamp lumen depreciation

Ballast factor is considered if luminaire operates on Ballast

Room Cavity Ratio / Room Index

  5 𝑋 𝑅 𝑜𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 h𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡 𝑋 ( 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡h+𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡h )

𝑅𝐶𝑅=
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎

Source - https://in.pinterest.com/pin/158822324342994406/?lp=true
Utilisation factor

The UF is plotted from the table above based on the RCR and
reflectance's of surfaces.
Design problem
Room details:
Length of room 7.35 m
Breadth of room 3.75 m
Area of the room 27.1 m2
Work plane height from floor level 0.8 m
Required
Room cavity height 2.3 m
Illuminance
Reflectance of ceiling 0.75
500 Lux
Reflectance of wall 0.5
Reflectance of work plane 0.3

Luminaire details:
Lumens per luminaire 3500 lumens
Maintenance Factor 0.7
Reflectance data
Solution
=> RCR = 4.6
RCR ſCC ſW ſWP CU
4.0 0.8 0.5 0.3 1.16
5.0 0.8 0.5 0.3 1.18
4.6 0.8 0.5 0.3 1.17
4.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 1.12
5.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 1.15
4.6 0.7 0.5 0.3 1.14
4.6 0.75 0.5 0.3 1.15

=> CU = 1.15
=> N = 4.81 ~ 6 luminares