Cell Membrane and Transport 8.

3
Cell (plasma) membrane

• Made up of a phospholipid
bilayer
• Separates the cell from its
environment
• Controls what enters and
exits the cell
How do material enter and leave the cell?
• Passive transport
• Active Transport
 Passive Transport

Movement of substances through a

cell membrane without using the
cell's energy

Depends on the amount of

substances on each side of the
membrane
 Diffusion
• Movement of molecules
from an area of high
concentration to an area of
low concentration
 Osmosis
• Movement of water through
a membrane from an area of
high concentration   to an
area of low concentration of
water

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

 Concentration of water
• Direction of osmosis is determined by comparing total solute
concentrations

• Hypertonic-more solute, less water

• Hypotonic-more water, less solute
• Isotonic- equal concentration of water and solute
Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake and loss
Facilitated Diffusion

• Uses proteins to move

molecules across the
membrane

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

 Active
Transport
• Movement of substances
across the cell membrane by
using the cell's energy (ATP)
• Substances can move from
an area of low concentration
to an area of high
concentration
Active Transport
• Endocytosis is the process
during which a cell takes in
a substance by surrounding
it with a cell membrane.
• Exocytosis is the process
during which a
cell’s vesicles release their
contents outside the cell.