Chapter 1

L4 The Cell in Its Environment

Answer the following question:
Q. How do materials move into and out of cells?

Study
diagram

Cell Membrane
How do materials move into and out of cells?

• Oxygen ,water, and particles of food must be able to move into

a cell, while carbon dioxide and other waste materials must
move out.

• The cell membrane is selectively permeable , which means

that some substances can cross the membrane while others
cannot.

• Substances can move into and out of a by any of these two

processes:
• Passive Transport
• Active Transport
 Passive Transport
• Passive transport : molecules move from a place of higher concentration to a place of
low concentration through the cell membrane without using energy.
• Passive transport includes :
Diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis
Molecules such as oxygen and Molecules such as sugar can not move Diffusion of water molecules from an
carbon dioxide move easily from easily from an area of high concertation area of high concentration of water
an area of high concertation to to an area of low concentration but to an area of low concentration of
an area of low concentration through a channel in a transport protein. water.
through the cell membrane.
*Uses no energy. *Uses no energy *Uses no energy

Transport
protein
 Active transport :
• Active transport : molecules move from a place of low concentration
to a place of high concentration through the cell membrane using energy.
• Substance such as calcium , potassium , and sodium cross
the cell membrane through the transport proteins using the cell’s energy.

❖ Large particles such as food particles , cross the cell membrane through
another types of active transport : endocytosis and exocytosis

Endocytosis Exocytosis
Cell engulfs large particle and bring it inside Cell excrete large particle and move it
the cell using a vacuole. outside the cell using a vacuole.

Use energy to move vacuole inside the cell. Use energy to move vacuole out of the cell.