Power Substation

山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong
ShandongLicun
LicunPower
PowerPlant
PlantTechnology
TechnologyCo.,
Co.,Ltd.
Ltd.
Power Substation
Shandong
ShandongLicun
LicunPower
PowerPlant
PlantTechnology
TechnologyCo.,
Co.,Ltd.
Ltd.
Learning Objective
1.Introduction
2.Construction
Shandong
ShandongLicun
LicunPower
PowerPlant
PlantTechnology
TechnologyCo.,
Co.,Ltd.
Ltd.
1. Introduction
An electrical substation is a subsidiary
station of an electricity generation,
transmission and distribution system
where voltage is transformed from high
voltage to low voltage or reverse using
transformers.
Electric power may flow through several

substations between generating plant
and consume, and may be changed in
voltage several steps
A subtation that has a step-up

transformer increases the voltage while
decreasing the current, while a step-
down transformer decreases the voltage
while increasing the current for domectic
and commercial distibution
Shandong
ShandongLicun
LicunPower
PowerPlant
PlantTechnology
TechnologyCo.,
Co.,Ltd.
Ltd.
2. Components
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.
Power Substation
Substations generally have ;
- Switching Equipment
- Protection Equipment
- Control Equipment
- One or more transformers
In a large substation;
Circuit breaker are used to interrupt any short-circuit or
overload currents that may occur on the network
In smaller distribution stations;

Recloser circuit breaker or fuses may be used for
protection of distribution circuits.
Transmission Substation
A transmission substation connects two or more
transmission lines.
In case where all transmission lines have the same
voltage;
The substation contains high-voltage switches that
allow lines to be connected or isolated for faults
clearance or maintenance.
A transmission station may have;
1. Transformers to convert between two transmission
voltages
2. Voltage control/power factor correction devices such
as capasitors
Distribution Substation
A distribution substation transfers power from the
transmission system to the distribution system of an
area.
The input for a distribution substation is typically at
least two transmission or subtransmission lines.
Distribution substations may also be the points of
voltage regulation, although on long distribution
circuits (several km), voltage regulation equipment may
also be installed along the lines.
Switching Substation
A switching substation is a substation which does not
contain transformers and operators only at a single
voltage level.
Switching Substation are sometimes used as collector

and distribution stations.
Sometimes they are used for switching the current to

back-up lines or for parallelizing circuits in case of
failure.
Switching Function
Switching is the operation of connecting and disconnecting of
transmission lines or other components to and from the system.
Switching events may be “planned” or “unplanned”
A transmission line or other component may need to be

deenergized for maintenance or for new contruction.
To maintain reliability of supply, its is not cost efficient to shut

down the entire power system for maintenance.
All work to be performed, from routine testing to adding entirely

new substations, must be done while keeping the whole system
running.
A fault may delevop in a transmission line or any other component.

The function of the substation is to isolate the faulted portion of
the system in the shortest possible time.
Distribution Substation Layout

1. Single Source, Single feeder substation
The one line diagram of a single source, single feeder substation
with the minimum equipment used. A bypass switch is provided so
service can continue during circuit breaker maintenance. The
probability of a fault during circuit breaker maintenance is small,
but still there as result the transformer is protected by a primary
fuse to back up the breaker, and provide some protection for
internal transformer faults. The minimum relaying is overcurrent on
the secondary side of the transformer. The switches can be
manually or motor operated.

2. Single bus substation one source
One line of a single bus station fed by a single radial
subtransmission line.Each feeder must has its own overcurrent
protection.The primary switch must be able to break the
transformer excitation current. Each distribution voltage the
substation supplies must have its own bus. The possibilty of a
subtransmission circuit faults is much higher than a transformer
fault.

2. Single bus substation two source
One line of a double throw switch on the primary side which allows
the transfer to be made quickly from one subtransmission circuit to
another. The switch is interlocked with the transfomer breaker so it
cannot be opened under load. The switch can be replaced by two
manual high voltage breakers that can break the load and expected
fault current. The transformer secondary breaker makes possible
very effective differential bus protection to detect faults internal to
the bus. The bus relays then trip all of the circuit breaker
connected to the bus upon a bus fault.

3. Two transfomer distribution substations
More critical loads implement a two transformer distribution
substation allowing to significantly decreases the out of service
time. Normally the transformer are rated at 75% capacity when
self cooled and equipped with automatic air cooling that used when
one transformer must handle the entire substation capacity. The tie
switch between the two transformer connections to the bus which
is in open state when both transformer secondaries from operating
in parallel. Momentary parallel operating during switching is often
permissible but must be avoided for the extended operation time
due to high secondary currents. The primary side switching is
arranged so that either or both transformer can be fed by either
subtransmission line.

4. Automatic Switching ( Throw-over) Two source
Radial Arrangement
Service outage time can be reduced considerably by using circuit
breakers to automatically, or on command from a central control
station, disconnect the faulted source or bus and connect the
substation so that power can reach all of the feeders.
Operation;
Assume sources 1 and 2 are connected as radial lines.
1. Source 1 is lost, breaker 1 will open under relay control
disconnecting source 1
2. Breaker 3 closes connecting transformer 1 to source 2.
3. If the transformer 1 fails, breaker 1,3, and 4 would open to
disconnect it.
The low voltage tie breaker is interlocked with transformer
secondary breakers 4 and 5 prevent parallel transformer operation.

5. Automatic Switching ( Throw-over)
Loop arrangement
A preferred automatic switching scheme for loop connected supply
lines is shown. Circuit breakers A and B remove a faulted line from
service, while circuit breaker C and C’ and D and D’ remove the
transfomer in the event they fault. Upon a transformer failure the
low voltage tie breaker connects all of the woring feeders to
whichever transformer is working.

6. Double Bus Single Breaker
The double bus single breaker arrangement connects each circuit
to two buses, and there is a tie breaker between the buses. With
the tie breaker operated normally closed, it allows each circuit to
be supplied from either bus via its switches.Thus providing
increased operating flexibility and improved realibility. For example,
a fault on one bus will not impact the other bus. Operating the bus
tie breaker normally open eliminates the advantages of the system
and changes the configuration to a two single arrangement.
Relay protectio for this arrangement will be complex with the
flexibility or transferring each circuit to either bus. Operating
procedures would need to be detailed to allow for various operating
arrangements, with check to ensure the in-service arrangements
are correct. A bus tie breaker failure will cause an outage of the
entire station.

Power Substation

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山东丽村电站技术有限公司

Electric power may flow through several

A subtation that has a step-up

In smaller distribution stations;

Switching Substation are sometimes used as collector

Sometimes they are used for switching the current to

A transmission line or other component may need to be

To maintain reliability of supply, its is not cost efficient to shut

All work to be performed, from routine testing to adding entirely

A fault may delevop in a transmission line or any other component.

Distribution Substation Layout

Distribution Substation Layout

Distribution Substation Layout

Distribution Substation Layout

Distribution Substation Layout

Distribution Substation Layout

Distribution Substation Layout

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