By Jade Potter

Key Frame animation

Keyframe animation is a form of animation
created by drawing individual key frames
and linking them together.
 Gertie the dinosaur
Gertie the dinosaur is a Keyframe
animation made by Windsor
McCay in 1914.
It was created by using thousands of
pieces of rice paper sized 6.5 by
8.5 inches.
He hired his neighbour John A.
Fitzsimmons who was an art
student. John’s job was to draw
the background for the animation.
He had to very carefully retrace
the rocks, lake and trees from a
master drawing onto every piece
of rice paper.
Windsor McCay used Kay frame
animation and many others to
create Gertie the Dinosaur.
Another key technique he used
was Limited animation. He used
this by re-using some of his
drawings in shots instead of re-
drawing them for every scene.
Gertie the dinosaur has pioneered the
future by being the first animation
to make it onto celluloid. Also
when creating this animation lots
of new techniques were
discovered such as Limited
animation which is now used a lot
in animation’s.
 Cel Animation
Cel animation is made by creating Cel animation allows the
lots of tiny cel’s and putting animators to save time and
them together to create an money. It helped them save
animation. A cel is created is this by using repeat cycle.
created by getting a sheet of Repeat cycle is when you
transparent cellulose acetate replay a scene over and over
this is used as the medium for again such as if you had
painting the animation frames. someone talking you would
It must be transparent so that only have to create it once
you can place it on top of other then repeat it.
cels such as the background
and then it must be
photograph this is done
hundreds of times then put
together to create an
animation, This is often used
to make cartoons. This idea
was first developed in 1914.
 The Little Mermaid
The Little Mermaid was Cel animation was very
made in 1989 by Walt beneficial when making
Disney productions. It this animation because it
was based on the Hans saves money and time.
Christian Andersen fairy Also because the
tale of the same name. background is very
similar throughout they
could keep the same
background throughout
instead of having to keep
drawing it.
 Synchronized Sound
In the 1960’s Synchronized
sound was first
developed and used in
animations.
Synchronized sounds where
the first time that sounds
where properly used in
animations. Before they
where developed
cartoons where either
silent or had background
music which was often
played by musicians live.
 Steamboat Willie
Steamboat Willie was made in 1928
by Walt Disney productions and
the story was written by Walt
Disney and Ub lwerks.
This animation was different because
for the first time Synchronized
sounds were used. It progressed
silent animation and pioneered the
future by creating animations with
sounds that can create laughter
and more involvement in the
animation.
Limited animation was used so that
money and time could be saved.
Instead of having to redraw every
scene some could be used again.
For example; when Mickey is
whistling they can just repeat that
part over and over again. Also the
background could be kept the
same so they didn’t need to
redraw every scene every time.
The animation used sound to make it
more funny and effective. They did
this because it added laughter,
captured the audience and
brought something fresh and new
to the animation world which
increased the popularity of Disney
animations.
 Colour animations
Animators started to
use full colour for their
animations rather
than black and white
in 1931.
 Snow White
Snow White was made in
1937 by Walt Disney
productions. It was based
upon a German fairy tale
called Snow White by
The Brothers Grimm.
Snow White was new to
other animations because
it was one of the first full
colour animations. It
pioneered the full colour
animations which are
typical for our modern
day animations.
Snow White is classed as
the greatest Disney
animation of all time. It is
still a much loved, family
favourite around the
world. Disney have even
re-released the film but in
higher definition and
clearer colours because
of it’s ever growing
popularity.
 TV and Saturday morning
cartoons
The rise of TV in the 1950s and
1960s, and the rise of
Saturday morning cartoons
effected animation because it
showed that things could be
created cheaply, quickly and
simply but still gain a large
audience. Some of the
methods created are still used
to today. If you look at many
Saturday morning cartoons
they are very simple with only
24 frames per second used
and small movements such as,
Mouth’s or eye’s.
 Yogi Bear
Yogi Bear was made in 1961 by Hanna
Barbera.
Limited animation was used a great
deal in making the cartoons
because a lot of it was repeat. If you
look at the cars in the background
you will see they are the same but
on a loop. This is used to save time
and money when producing. Also it
is a lot quicker to repeat or reuse
something instead of redrawing it
each time you need it. These
cartoons have helped influence
future animations by using
techniques in a very new way. They
have shown that very simple
animations still capture a large
audience and that not everything
has to be moving, often people will
be looking at the moving object and
not look further into the animation.
 CGI
CGI stands for Compute
generated imagery. It is a
process in which to
create animations by
using computer graphics.
CGI over took Cel
animation.
One of the main successful
animations companies
that uses CGI is Pixar.
 Toy Story
Toy Story was made in Disney shut down their cel
1995 by Pixar. drawing animation
It was new and different to studios in 1990 because
any other animation there was no longer a
because it was made fully market for this form of
from CGI. CGI is now one animation.
of the most popular
methods to use.
Toy Story was and still is
one of the most popular
CGI created animations
of all time.
 Youtube, the internet, and
Amateur Animation
Youtube, the internet, cheap
cameras and cheap
editing have opened new
opportunities for amateur
animators by letting them
try out new techniques
and allowing instant
feedback. Also for some it
gives them a chance to
get noticed by companies
and other animators.
 Salad Fingers
Salad Fingers was created in
2004 by David Firth.
The animation is different to the
others in the past because it
is very simple yet effective. It
uses techniques from the
past but in a new way; such
as the idea of only moving
one object like in Saturday
morning TV. The difference
with this is it is all computer
drawn and is very basic.
The animation was very
successful worldwide.
Amateur animators are using
Youtube to broadcast their
work and get instant
feedback. Also they are using
it as a way of showing off
their work. It can help them
get famous and noticed.
Youtube helps people gain a
large, worldwide audience.