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MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION
GESTIÓN LOGÍSTICA 2282334
K AT H E R Y N G . M O N TA Ñ O F I G U E R O A – A N D R É S F. S I E R R A J U L I O
PROYECTO FORMACIÓN TITULADA VIRTUAL
 OPERATIONAL MODES
OF TRANSPORT

The modes of transport are

the systems for
mobilization, used in the
transfer of merchandise
from the point of origin to
the point of destination, they
can be air, sea, land, rail,
among others.

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 RAIL

Large mass movement of goods.

Low unit cost of movement.
Long haul movements.
Specialized equipment.

WATER
Low speed of transportation, which is
translated into merchandise safety.
Economic rates.
Large capability of mass movement.
Long haul movements.

MAIN CHARACTERIST
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION 2
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 HIGHWAY

Flexibility in the transportation of goods.

Speed in delivering.
High frequency of delivering service.
Equipment diversity.

AIR
High movement speed.
High rates.
Frequency delivering service.
Increase of capabilities.
Low unit cost of movement.
Long haul movements.
Specialized equipment. MAIN CHARACTERIST
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION
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 RO-RO VESSELS

Roll on-Roll off or Ro-Ro vessels come in many

forms including vehicle ferries and cargo ships
carrying truck trailers but the major type used for
the transport of road vehicles is the car carrier. 

DRY CARGO

SHIPS

Dry cargo vessels were the mainstay of the world’s

merchant fleet. Known as general cargo vessels,
they would be “geared”, that is one of many types of
maritime vessels equipped with their own cargo
loading equipment, usually in the form of derricks.

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 GENERAL CARGO VESSELS

Although largely replaced by bulk and container

carriers, general cargo vessels still operate
throughout the world. There may be specialized
handling facilities for such cargo, but usually
loading and unloading are carried out using cranes
and straps (for boxes) or slings (for bags).

BULK CARRIERS

For dry cargoes with a high weight to cost ratio such

as coal, grain, and ore, economies of scale have
produced the modern bulk carrier. These usually
large vessels are divided up into several separate
holds covered by hatches. 

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 REEFER VESSELS

Reefer Vessels are ships designed to carry a

refrigerated cargo usually comprising perishable
goods such as fruit or meat. Cargo is stowed in
holds which are then sealed and temperature
controlled. 

CONTAINER

VESSELS

Container vessels have become the main way of

transporting manufactured goods around the world.
A container can be transferred between truck, train,
and ship relatively easily and is a standard size to
simplify transportation.

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 LIQUID CARGO SHIPS

These vessels, collectively known as tankers, carry

a range of liquid cargoes. Tankers were first
developed in the mid-nineteenth century when the
use of iron allowed liquids to be carried in bulk
economically and without leakage.

CRUDE

CARRIERS

The largest ships afloat are the Very Large Crude

Carriers (VLCCs) and the Ultra Large Crude
Carriers (ULCCs). These types of maritime
vessels are designed to load crude oil and transport
it to refineries around the world where it can be
processed into petroleum products. 

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 PRODUCT CARRIERS

Product carriers vessels, which are generally

smaller than crude carriers, transport the refined
products from larger terminals to smaller ports
around the world. Products carried can include
petroleum, jet fuel, diesel, asphalt, lubricating oil,
and tar.

CHEMICAL

CARRIERS

Chemical carriers ships usually have a deadweight

of 5,000-40,000 tons and often have specialized
cargo systems suited to the type of cargo carried.

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 LIQUEFIED GAS CARRIERS

Another one among the different types of maritime

vessels, Liquefied gas carriers ships began as
converted oil tankers but have evolved into highly
specialized purpose-built vessels. Designed to
carry Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or Liquefied
Natural Gas (LNG) under pressure.

SPECIALIZED CARGOES

Most types of cargo could be considered

as specialized cargoes due to the specific loading,
unloading or storage arrangements required. Many
such cargoes are, however, moved with such
regularity and ease that the term ‘specialized’ takes
on a new meaning.

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 PASSENGER VESSELS

Passenger vessels category includes everything

from 10 person foot ferries up to cruise ships able
to carry over 6,000 passengers. Nowadays, cruise
passengers demand and expect a wide range of
facilities including casinos, gymnasiums, shops,
theatres, cinemas, pools, restaurants, and bars.

TUGS

Modern tugs vessels are highly maneuverable with

pulling power (bollard pull) sometimes in excess of
100 tonnes, although harbor tugs are generally much
less powerful.

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 LIVESTOCK CARRIERS

Livestock carriers are often converted from

other types of maritime vessels and are equipped
with pens for large numbers of animals.  The main
considerations during the transport of livestock are
adequate ventilation, food, and water.

HEAVY-LIFT/PROJECT
CARGO VESSELS

These, mostly purpose-built, vessels specialize in the

transport of extremely heavy or bulky objects such
as other ships and large industrial components.
Some heavy-lift vessels are equipped with high
capacity cranes to load at ports without a heavy-lift
capability.

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 BIBLIOGRAFPHIC REFERENCES
• Learn All About the Different Types of Maritime Vessels (2021) .
Portocargo. Consultado el 14 de agosto de 2021, en
https://portocargo.pt/en/all-about-different-types-of-maritime-vessels/
• Herrera, I. (2016). Means of transportation. 1-14. Bogotá, Colombia:
Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA).

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THANKS

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