case study about

osteoporosis
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 WHAT IS
 OSTEOPOROSIS?
Osteoporosis is a disease that causes your bones to
become weak and brittle

 Osteoporosis literally means ‘porous bone’. It is a condition where bones

become thin and lose their strength, as they become less dense and their quality
is reduced.

 In fact, it is estimated that a 50 year-old woman has a 40% chance of having an

osteoporotic fracture during her remaining lifetime
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 WHAT CAUSES
OSTEOPOROSIS?
 Osteoporosis results from a loss of bone mass (measured
as bone density) and from a change in bone structure.
 Many factors will raise your risk of developing
osteoporosis and breaking a bone.
 Eating disorders. Severely restricting food intake and
being underweight weakens bone in both men and
women.
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 COMMON RISK FACTORS FOR
OSTEOPOROSIS
Female
  Smoking

 Postmenopausal
 Age (starting in the mid-30s but more
likely with advancing age)
 Family history of osteoporosis

 Lack of exercise
 Rheumatoid arthritis,
hyperthyroidism,
hyperparathyroidism, hypogonadism
 Small body frame

 Low calcium intake

 Medications – corticosteroids
(Prednisone), excess thyroid
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hormone, some diuretics (Lasix), and

 Vitamin D deficiency
anticonvulsants (Dilantin, Phenobarb,
Tegretol)
 Mechanism of Disease

Your bones have two types of structure: a dense form called cortical bone and a
lattice-like form called spongy bone (also known as cancellous or trabecular
bone).
Cortical bone forms the hard outside layer of all bones in the body and makes up
most of the skull and ribs. Spongy bone is mainly found inside the vertebrae (the
bony segments of the spinal column), and inside the ends of long bones like the
femur (thigh bone).
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 With osteoporosis, there is
reduced bone density and
structure in the spongy bone, as
well as thinning of the cortical
bone. When your bones have
thinned to the point that
osteoporosis is diagnosed, the
physical structure and soundness
of your bones has changed.
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 DO YOU HAVE OSTEOPOROSIS?
 Osteoporosis only causes symptoms when it is far advanced.

 Symptoms include loss of height, deformed spine

“dowager’s hump”), unexplained back pain, and fractures.

 It is best to detect problems at an early stage, when treatment

is most effective.

 The best test for detecting osteoporosis is bone

densitometry, done with a technique called “Dual-energy X-
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ray Absorptiometry” or DXA.

 DIAGNOSIS

Osteoporosis is most commonly diagnosed with a T-score of −2.5 or

below as determined by central DEXA scan of the total hip, femoral
neck, or lumbar spine. Quantitative computed tomography can be
used to assess BMD, but is limited by radiation exposure and cost.
Quantitative calcaneal ultrasonography and peripheral DEXA, which
measures BMD in the heel, finger, and forearm, are more portable and
less costly than central DEXA and can effectively predict fracture risk.
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 DEXA

 Simple test that measures bone

mineral density.

 Often the measurements are at your

spine and your hip, including a part of
the hip called the femoral neck, at the
top of the thighbone (femur).

 The test is quick and painless.

 It is similar to an X-ray, but uses much

less radiation.
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 TREATMENT

The first treatment of osteoporosis was discovered by the Russian

chemist Menchutkin the father of therapeutic “Herbert Fleisch” the
modern-day pioneer of bisphosphonate treatment, maintained in
numerous reviews. The first treatment which is biosphishinates were first
created in Germany

-Pharmacologist treatment also known as bisphosphates treatment our

scientists experiment the method to find how they detect bone loss such as bone
densimotes, our scientists produce the most common drug for osteoporosis
disease it’s called bisphosphate it helps to prevent loss of bone moss
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 Bisphosphonate Medications for Osteoporosis (OP)

Generic drug name Approved uses for OP Dosing and form

Alendronate Prevention and treatment of Once-daily or once-weekly pills

postmenopausal OP in women

Treatment of OP due to use of glucocorticoid

medicines

Risedronate Prevention and treatment of Once-daily, once-weekly or once-monthly

postmenopausal OP in women pills

Prevention and treatment of OP due to use

of glucocorticoid medicines

Ibandronate Prevention and treatment of Once-monthly pills, or every three months by

postmenopausal OP in women intravenous infusion (often called IV) given
through a vein
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Zoledronic acid Same as for risedronate Once a year by IV

 YOUNG WOMEN AND PREGNANCY

Young women who have risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures need to carefully
consider their medication options if they are planning a pregnancy.

None of the drugs for managing osteoporosis has enough safety data available to
recommend using them in women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Bisphosphonates, even after you stop taking them, can stay in your body a long time.

Thus, women who want to become pregnant later should weigh the expected benefits of
bisphosphonates against the possible risks.

If a woman who has taken a bisphosphonate becomes pregnant, she should have her
blood calcium levels checked, because they could become low.
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 PREVENTION
-Lifestyle changes may be the best way of preventing osteoporosis.
Here are some tips:
-Make sure you get enough calcium in your diet or through
supplements (roughly 1,000–1,200 mg/day, but will depend on your
age).
-Get enough vitamin D (400–1,000 IU/day, depending on your age and
your blood level of vitamin D measured by your doctor).
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 POINTS TO REMEMBER
-Make sure there is enough calcium and vitamin D
in your diet.

-Be physically active and do weight-bearing exercises, like walking, most

days each week.

-Change lifestyle choices that raise your risk of osteoporosis.

-Implement strategies to help decrease your risk of falling.

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