T HE RM O CH E MI S T RY

Module 2
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01 02 03 04 05 06
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To be familiar with some terminology concerning heat effects

accompanying chemical reactions.
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To understand the heats of reaction and calorimetry.

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To relate the importance of heat, work and energy.

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To solve problems involving heat.

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To distinguish between exothermic and endothermic reactions

based on enthalpy values.
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To identify the important uses of thermochemical measurements

and calculations in assessing materials as energy sources.
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INTRODUCTION
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H E AT
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H E AT S O F R E A C T I O N A N D C A L O R I M E T RY
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T H E R M O C H E M I C A L E Q U AT I O N
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FUELS AS SOURCES OF ENERGY

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NEW SOURCES OF ENERGY

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THERMOCHEMISTRY
the branch of chemistry and thermodynamics, the study
about the heat released or absorbed as a result of chemical
and physical reactions
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SYSTEM
the substance or substances undergoing the chemical or
physical change
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SYSTEM
a part of the universe chosen for study
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SURROUNDINGS
the other components of the measurement apparatus that serve to
either provide heat to the system or absorb heat from the system
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SURROUNDINGS
the part of the universe outside the system in which these interactions
can be detected.
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SYSTEM
subject to examination/observation

SURROUNDINGS
factors to which a system interacts with EXO
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SYSTEM
subject to examination/observation

SURROUNDINGS RELEASE
EXO THERMI
factors to which a system interacts with
DC
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SYSTEM
subject to examination/observation

SURROUNDINGS
ABSORBED
THERMI
factors to which a system interacts with ENDO
C
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Open System
Y Isolated System
Closed System
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Open System
Y Isolated System
Closed System
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Open System
Y Isolated System
Closed System
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ENERGY
the capacity to supply heat or do work
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WORK
the process of causing a matter to move
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POTENTIAL
ENERGY
the energy an object has because of its relative position, composition, or
condition
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KINETIC
ENERGY
the energy that an object possesses because of its motion
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KINETIC
ENERGY
KE = ½ mv2
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KINETIC
ENERGY
KE = ½ mv2
KE = ½ (kg)(m/s)2
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KINETIC
ENERGY
KE = ½ mv2
KE = ½ (kg)(m/s)2
KE = ½ (kg)(m2/s2)
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KINETIC
ENERGY
KE = ½ mv2
1 kg*m2/s2 = 1 J (Joule)
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KINETIC
ENERGY
associated with random molecular motion- thermal energy
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thermal energy
proportional to the temperature of a system
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thermal energy
more vigorous the motion of molecules = hotter sample = greater thermal
energy
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thermal energy
depends on the number of particles present
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thermal energy
depends on the number of particles present
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thermal energy
depends on the number of particles present

30 mL at 80oC
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thermal energy
depends on the number of particles present

2L at 50oC
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thermal energy
depends on the number of particles present
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h e a t
and temperature
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temperature
the measure of hotness of coldness
heat
the form of energy that flows spontaneously from a body at higher
temperature to a body at lower temperature
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heat
the energy transferred between a system and its surroundings

temperature
the measure of hotness of coldness
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i s o t h e r m a l
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constant
temperature
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internal
e n e r g y
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quantity of heat, q
temperature change
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quantity of heat, q
quantity of substance
temperature change
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quantity of heat, q
nature of substance
quantity of substance
temperature change
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quantity of heat, q

nature of substance quantity of substance temperature change

sp.ht. m ΔT
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q = m x sp.ht. x ΔT
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q = m x sp.ht. x ΔT
heat capacity
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q = m x sp.ht. x ΔT
heat capacity =C
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q = m x sp.ht. x ΔT
T2-T1
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q = C x ΔT
q = (m)(sp.ht.)(T2-T1)
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quantity of heat

ΔT
21.0oC 98.0oC 4.18J/goC 7.35g
T T sp.ht. m
1 2
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quantity of heat

q = (m)(sp.ht.)(T2-T1)
= (7.35g )(4.18J/goC)(98.0oC-21.0oC)
= 2.36x103 J
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quantity of heat

q = 2.36x103 J