CHAPTER 3:

PRINCIPLES OF ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJECTIONS AND ISOMETRIC
DRAWING

MEC 132 – ENGINEERING DRAWING

MEC132: CHAPTER 3 1
CONTENTS
3.1 Introduction to principle of orthographic 3.2 Introduction to isometric drawing
projections
3.2.1 Selection of isometric axes
3.1.1 First angle projection
3.2.2 Isometric view by reference frame
3.1.2 Third angle projection
3.2.3 Products having inclined surfaces and slopes
3.1.3 Practice in first and third angle projection with
3.2.4 Circular and irregular objects
solids and simple machine components of combined
basic geometrical shapes 3.2.5 Dimensioning in isometric view

3.1.4 Arrangements of views and hidden lines 3.2.6 Introduction to free hand sketching in 2D
and 3D interpretations
3.1.5 Dimensioning
3.1.6 Drawing symbols and their applications
3.1.7 Auxiliary view

MEC132: CHAPTER 3 2
ISOMETRIC

MEC132: CHAPTER 3 3
 ISOMETRIC
It is a type of pictorial projection in which all three dimensions of an object are
shown in one view.
In this, an object is so placed that, its three mutually perpendicular edges are equally inclined
with the plane of projection. So all three dimensional axes appear at equal inclinations with
each other (120o).

b c

MEC132: CHAPTER 3 4
Isometric Planes:
The planes representing the faces of the cube are called Isometric Planes.

Isometric scale:
When one holds the object in such a way that all three dimensions are visible then in the process all
dimensions become proportionally inclined to observer’s eye sight and hence appear apparent in lengths.

In practice, while drawing isometric projection, it is necessary to convert true lengths into isometric lengths.

MEC132: CHAPTER 3 5
 4

A
3

HS2 C
B D
T
NG 4
120o
LE
R UE
T 1 3
E C 120o
2 THS 120 o
G
LEN
0 M .
1 ISO F H
450
0 300
A B 30o 30o
M G N Base Line
Isometric scale ( Line AC ) required for Isometric Projection

MEC132: CHAPTER 3 6
 T.V.

F.V. L.H.S.V. L.H

. S.V .
. F.V

T.V.

MEC132: CHAPTER 3 7
 T.V

R.H.S.V F.V V
F.V S.
H .
R.

T.V

MEC132: CHAPTER 3 8
 Ellipses can be in any of three planes

MEC132: CHAPTER 3 9
MEC132: CHAPTER 3 10
 34
60

25
L= 60 mm
H= 25 mm
D= 34 mm

MEC132: CHAPTER 3 11
 40
FV

X O 10 Y

100
10
25

TV
10 30 10
25

30 R
O
20 D

MEC132: CHAPTER 3 12
 FV
40

10
O
30 D 45

10
50
O

80

MEC132: CHAPTER 3
TV 13
MEC132: CHAPTER 3 14
MEC132: CHAPTER 3 15
 All
All unit in cm

MEC132: CHAPTER 3 16
MEC132: CHAPTER 3 17
MEC132: CHAPTER 3 18
 END OF
CHAPTER 3
MEC132: CHAPTER 3 19