PETROVIETNAM

PETROVIETNAM UNIVERSITY

Petroleum Chemical
ALKANE AND ITS IMPACT ON OIL AND OIL
PRODUCTS QUALITY

Lecturer: PhD. Le Thanh Thanh

Group 2:
• Nguyen Huy Hoang
• Bui Van Hoang
• Nguyen Minh Hieu
• Doan Le Hien
 CONTENTS

1. ALKANES

2. STRUCTURAL FEATURES

3. EFFECT OF ALKANE ON OIL QUALITY

4. EFFECT OF ALKANE ON THE QUALITY

OF OIL PRODUCTS

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 ALKANES

WHAT IS ALKANES?

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 ALKANES
 Members of the paraffin family all have a single bond
between each carbon atom.
 Paraffins can have one of two different shapes
 Straight line, called normal or n-paraffins
 Branched, called iso-paraffins

CnH2n+2
 For n = 1 to 4: gases
 For n = 5 to 17: liquids
 For n ≥ 18: solid (paraffin waxes)

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 ALKANES

 Paraffin is a very common hydrocarbon in petroleum

hydrocarbons
 Paraffins may make up to 20-50% of paraffinic
petroleum by weight in the gas oil fraction
 The slightly branched paraffins predominate over the
highly branched materials.

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 Chemical reactions of paraffin

 1. Combustion
+ O2 → nCO2 + (n+1)H2O

2. Ability to form complex with urea and thiourea

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 Chemical reactions of paraffin

3. Decomposition reaction

+
C16H34 C8H18 C8H16

C8H18 C4H10 + C4H8

C4H10
C2H6 + C2H4

C4H10
C4H8 + H2

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 Chemical reactions of paraffin

4. Isomerization reaction

AlC
C H 3C H 2C H 3 C H3 C H C 3
Hl3C l H
2C H
gas CH
3
A nhyd AlC
C H 3C H 2 C H 2C H 2C 3 l3 C H 3C H C H 2C H3
H 2C H H 2C H
Cl
CH3
+ C H 3C H 2C H C H
2C H 3

CH3
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 STRUCTURAL FEATURES

iso-Paraffins

STRUCTURAL FEATURES

n-Paraffins

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 n-Paraffins

 Straight chained single bonded

hydrocarbons
Ranging from C1 to C50+
 Saturated
 Each molecule contains maximum
amount of hydrogen
 No double bonds or impurities
 Paraffinic / Waxy

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 iso-Paraffins

 Branched chained single bonded

hydrocarbons
Ranging from C1 to C50+
 Saturated:
 Each molecule contains maximum amount
of hydrogen
 No double bonds or impurities
 Stable
 Paraffinic / Waxy
 Higher octane than n-paraffins and important
for gasoline blending

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 N-Paraffins vs iso-Paraffins

Properties n-paraffins iso-Paraffins

Boiling temperature High Low

Octane number Low High

Cetane number High Low

Viscosity Low Low

Viscosity Index High High

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 EFFECT OF ALKANE ON OIL QUALITY

1. HC composition
 High in paraffin content  High economical value

2. Density
 High in paraffin content  Oil will be lighter

3. Viscosity
 High in paraffin content  High viscosity

4. Pouring Temperature
 High in paraffin content  High pouring
Temperature

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 4. EFFECT OF ALKANE ON THE QUALITY OF OIL PRODUCTS

4.1 Gasoline
 Improving the Octane number
 Paraffins are an important component for alkene
production

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 4. EFFECT OF ALKANE ON THE QUALITY OF OIL PRODUCTS

4.2 Kerosene
 The n-paraffins give the highest heat of
combustion, however, high molecular weight n-
paraffins will crystallize the nozzles and lose
mobility.
 The paraffin hydrocarbons have the highest
smokeless flame height
 n-Paraffins are good for Kerosene Fraction

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 4. EFFECT OF ALKANE ON THE QUALITY OF OIL PRODUCTS

4.3 Diesel
 It’s the best component for Diesel Fuel production
 Iso-paraffin is an ingredient that increases fuel lag
and has poor self-ignition.
 N- paraffin are ingredients that have a short
burning delay and good self-ignition
 Improving the Cetane number, however, some n-
paraffin can make Diesel fuel lose its flexibility

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 4. EFFECT OF ALKANE ON THE QUALITY OF OIL PRODUCTS

4.4 Lubricant
 Paraffins in Lubricant Fraction are good material for
cracking
 Paraffins is good component to produce high VI
lubricant.

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 THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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