ORGANIZATIONAL

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
BEHAVIOR
 What
What is
is Personality?
Personality?

When we talk of personality, we don’t mean that a person has

charm, a positive attitude toward life, a smiling face, or is a
finalist for “ Happiest and Friendliest” in this year’s Miss
America contest.
When psychologists talk of personality, they mean a dynamic
concept describing the growth and development of a person’s
whole psychological system.
Rather than looking at parts of the person, personality looks
at some aggregate whole that is greater than the sum of the
parts.

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 What
What is
is Personality?
Personality?

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 Personality
Personality Determinants
Determinants

• •Heredity
Heredity
• •Environment
Environment
• •Situation
Situation

Heredity: refers to those factors that were determined at conception.

Physical structure, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament, energy
level etc.
Environment: Among the factors that exert pressures on our personality
formation are the culture in which we are raised, our early conditioning,
the norms among our family, friends and social groups etc.
Situation: A third, the situation, influences the effects of heredity and
environment on personality. An individual’s generally stable and
consistent, does change in different situations.

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 Personality
Personality Traits
Traits

Sixteen
Sixteen
Primary
Primary
Traits
Traits

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 The
The Myers-Briggs
Myers-Briggs Type
Type Indicator
Indicator

MBTI is one of the most widely

used personality frameworks
which has no hard evidence as
valid measure of personality.

Personality
PersonalityTypes
Types
• •Extroverted
Extrovertedor
orIntroverted
Introverted(E(Eor
orI)I)
• •Sensing
Sensingor
orIntuitive
Intuitive(S
(Sor
orN)
N)
• •Thinking
Thinkingor
orFeeling
Feeling(T
(Tor
orF)
F)
• •Perceiving
Perceivingor
orJudging
Judging(P(Por
orJ)J)

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 The
The Big
Big Five
Five Model
Model

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 Major
Major Personality
Personality Attributes
Attributes Influencing
Influencing OB
OB

 Locus of control
 Machiavellianism
 Self-esteem
 Self-monitoring
 Propensity for risk taking
 Type A personality

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 Locus
Locus of
of Control
Control

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 Machiavellianism
Machiavellianism

Conditions
ConditionsFavoring
FavoringHigh
HighMachs
Machs
••Direct
Directinteraction
interaction
••Minimal
Minimalrules
rulesand
andregulations
regulations
••Distracting
Distractingemotions
emotions

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 Self-Esteem
Self-Esteem and
and Self-Monitoring
Self-Monitoring

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 Risk-Taking
Risk-Taking
 High Risk-taking Managers
– Make quicker decisions.
– Use less information to make decisions.
– Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial
organizations.
 Low Risk-taking Managers
– Are slower to make decisions.
– Require more information before making decisions.
– Exist in larger organizations with stable environments.
 Risk Propensity
– Aligning managers’ risk-taking propensity to job
requirements should be beneficial to organizations.

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 Personality
Personality Types
Types

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 Personality
Personality Types
Types

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 Achieving
Achieving Personality-Job
Personality-Job Fit
Fit

Personality
PersonalityTypes
Types
••Realistic
Realistic
••Investigative
Investigative
••Social
Social
••Conventional
Conventional
••Enterprising
Enterprising
••Artistic
Artistic

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 Holland’s
Holland’s
Typology
Typologyof
of
Personality
Personality
and
and
Congruent
Congruent
Occupations
Occupations

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 Relationships
Relationships
among
among
Occupational
Occupational
Personality
Personality
Types
Types

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 Emotions-
Emotions- Why
Why Emotions
Emotions Were
Were Ignored
Ignored in
in OB
OB
 The “myth of rationality”
– Organizations are not emotion-free.
 Emotions of any kind are disruptive to
organizations.
– Original OB focus was solely on the effects of strong
negative emotions that interfered with individual and
organizational efficiency.

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 What
What Are
Are Emotions?
Emotions?

Affect
Affect
AAbroad
broadrange
rangeof
ofemotions
emotions
that
that people
peopleexperience.
experience.

Emotions
Emotions Moods
Moods
Intense
Intensefeelings
feelingsthat
thatare
are Feelings
Feelingsthat
thattend
tendtotobe
be
directed
directedat
atsomeone
someoneor or less
lessintense
intensethan
than
something.
something. emotions
emotionsandandthat
thatlack
lackaa
contextual
contextualstimulus.
stimulus.

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 What
What Are
Are Emotions?
Emotions? (cont’d)
(cont’d)

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 Felt
Felt versus
versus Displayed
Displayed Emotions
Emotions

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 Emotion
Emotion Dimensions
Dimensions
 Variety of emotions
– Positive
– Negative
 Intensity of emotions
– Personality
– Job Requirements
 Frequency and duration of emotions
– How often emotions are exhibited.
– How long emotions are displayed.

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 Facial
Facial Expressions
Expressions Convey
Convey Emotions
Emotions

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 Emotion
Emotion Continuum
Continuum
 The closer any two emotions are to each other on
the continuum, the more likely people are to
confuse them.

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 Gender
Gender and
and Emotions
Emotions
 Women
– Can show greater emotional expression.
– Experience emotions more intensely.
– Display emotions more frequently.
– Are more comfortable in expressing emotions.
– Are better at reading others’ emotions.
 Men
– Believe that displaying emotions is inconsistent with the
male image.
– Are innately less able to read and to identify with
others’ emotions.
– Have less need to seek social approval by showing
positive emotions.
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 External
External Constraints
Constraints on
on Emotions
Emotions

Organizational
Organizational Cultural
Cultural
Influences
Influences Influences
Influences

Individual
Individual
Emotions
Emotions

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 OB
OB Applications
Applications of
of Understanding
Understanding Emotions
Emotions
 Ability and Selection
– Emotions affect employee effectiveness.
 Decision Making
– Emotions are an important part of the decision-making
process in organizations.
 Motivation
– Emotional commitment to work and high motivation
are strongly linked.
 Leadership
– Emotions are important to acceptance of messages
from organizational leaders.

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 OB
OB Applications
Applications of
of Understanding
Understanding Emotions
Emotions
 Interpersonal Conflict
– Conflict in the workplace and individual emotions are
strongly intertwined.
 Deviant Workplace Behaviors
– Negative emotions can lead to employee deviance in
the form of actions that violate established norms and
threaten the organization and its members.

• Productivity failures
• Property theft and destruction
• Political actions
• Personal aggression

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 Ability
Ability and
and Selection
Selection

 Emotional
EmotionalIntelligence
Intelligence(EI)
(EI)
–– Self-awareness
Self-awareness
–– Self-management
Self-management
–– Self-motivation
Self-motivation
–– Empathy
Empathy
–– Social
Socialskills
skills
 Research
ResearchFindings
Findings
–– High
HighEIEIscores,
scores,not
nothigh
high
IQ
IQscores,
scores,characterize
characterize
high
highperformers.
performers.

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