The Three Types of Learning

BLOOM’S
TAXONOMY
• An American educational psychologist
who made significant contributions to
the classification of educational
objectives and the theory of mastery
learning.
• He is particularly noted for leading
educational psychologists to develop
the comprehensive system of
describing and assessing educational
outcomes

BENJAMIN BLOOM
 Three Domains of
Educational Activities

• There is more than one type of learning. A committee of colleges, led by Bloom,
identified three domains of educational activities.
• Bloom divided educational objectives into three "domains:" Affective,
Psychomotor, and Cognitive.
• It is hierarchical, like other taxonomies, meaning that learning at the higher levels
is dependent on having attained prerequisite knowledge and skills at lower levels.
• Bloom intended that the taxonomy motivate educators to focus on all three
domains, creating a more holistic form of education.
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Three Domains of Educational Activities

1. Cognitive – mental skills (Knowledge)

2. Affective - growth in feelings or emotional areas (Attitude)
3. Psychomotor – manual or physical skills (Skills)
 Intellectual
Knowledge abilities and skills

Cognitive Domain
Learning outcomes in the cognitive domain are divided into two
major classes
 Knowledge
Knowledge of
Knowledge of
Remembering ways and means
universals and
previously of dealing with
abstractions in
learned specifics
a field
material • Knowledge of
• Knowledge of
• Knowledge of Conventions
Principles and
Specifics • Knowledge of Trends
Generalizations
• Knowledge of Terms and Sequences
• Knowledge of
• Knowledge of • Knowledge of Criteria
Theories and
Specific Facts • Knowledge of
Structures
 Intellectual abilities and skills

Comprehension – grasping
the meaning of the
material
Example:
• Translation – converting from one
The whole is better than
form to another
• Interpretation – explaining or the sum of its parts”
-Aristotle
summarizing material
• Extrapolation – extending the
meaning beyond the data
 Intellectual abilities and skills

Application – using
information in concrete
situations Example: Problem Solving
• Analysis – breaking down materials Angelo jogged 10 times in 30 mins
into parts around a circular track with a radius
• Analysis of elements – identifying of 50m. Find his average speed and
parts velocity
• Analysis of organizational principles
– identifying the organization
 Intellectual abilities and skills
Synthesis – putting parts
together into a whole
• Production of unique
communication
• Production of a plan or a proposed
set of operations
• Derivation of a set of abstract
relations
Example:
Research synthesis is the process of
combining the results of multiple 
primary research studies aimed at
testing the same conceptual 
hypothesis
 Intellectual abilities and skills

Evaluation – judging the

value of a thing for a
given purpose using Example:
definite criteria Conduct a debate about an
• Judgments in terms of internal issue of special
evidence interest.
• Judgments in terms of external
criteria
The cognitive domain of the taxonomy is useful
in planning the achievement test. It focuses on
comprehensive mental processes when
identifying learning outcomes.

Cognitive Domain
 The cognitive domain (Bloom, 1956) involves
knowledge and the development of intellectual skills.
This includes the recall or recognition of specific
facts, procedural patterns, and concepts that serve in
the development of intellectual abilities and skills.

Cognitive Domain
 There are six major categories starting from the
simplest behavior to the most complex. The
categories can be thought of as degrees of
difficulties. That is, the first one must be mastered
before the next one can take place.

Cognitive Domain
 Examples: Key Words: defines,
• Recite a policy. describes, identifies,
• Quote prices from knows, labels, lists,
memory to a customer. matches, names, outlines,
• Knows the safety rules. recalls, recognizes,
reproduces, selects, states

Knowledge: Recall data or

information
 Examples: Rewrites the Key Words: Comprehends,
principles of test writing. converts, defends,
Explain in one's own words distinguishes, estimates,
the steps for performing a explains, extends,
complex task. Translates an generalizes, gives Examples,
equation into a computer infers, interprets,
spreadsheet. paraphrases, predicts,
rewrites, summarizes,
translates.
Comprehension: Understand the meaning,
translation, interpolation, and interpretation
of instructions and problems. State a problem in
one's own words.
 Key Words: applies,
Examples: Use a manual to
changes, computes,
calculate an employee's
constructs, demonstrates,
vacation time. Apply laws of
discovers, manipulates,
statistics to evaluate the
modifies, operates, predicts,
reliability of a written test.
prepares, produces, relates,
shows, solves, uses

Application: Use a concept in a new situation or

unprompted use of an abstraction. Applies what
was learned in the classroom into novel
situations in the work place.
 Examples: Troubleshoot a
piece of equipment by using
logical deduction. Recognize
logical fallacies in reasoning.
Gathers information from a
department and selects the
required tasks for training.
Key Words: analyzes, breaks
down, compares, contrasts,
diagrams, deconstructs,
differentiates, discriminates,
distinguishes, identifies,
illustrates, infers, outlines,
relates, selects, separates.

Analysis: Separates material or concepts into

component parts so that its organizational
structure may be understood. Distinguishes
between facts and inferences.
 Examples: Write a company
operations or process manual.
Design a machine to perform
a specific task. Integrates
training from several sources
to solve a problem. Revises
and process to improve the
outcome.
Key Words: categorizes,
combines, compiles, composes,
creates, devises, designs,
explains, generates, modifies,
organizes, plans, rearranges,
reconstructs, relates,
reorganizes, revises, rewrites,
summarizes, tells, writes.

Synthesis: Builds a structure or pattern from

diverse elements. Put parts together to form a
whole, with emphasis on creating a new meaning
or structure.

Examples: Select the most
effective solution. Hire the
most qualified candidate.
Explain and justify a new
budget.
Key Words: appraises,
compares, concludes, contrasts,
criticizes, critiques, defends,
describes, discriminates,
evaluates, explains, interprets,
justifies, relates, summarizes,
supports.

Evaluation: Make judgments about the value of

ideas or materials.
Thank you!
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