Centroid

Define following terms

1.Centroid centroid
2. Radius of gyration
3.Area moment of Inertia
C.G

The point at which the total area of plane to be considered is known as

centroid , the centroid is represented by C.G The centroid and centre of
gravity are at the same point Where centre of gravity consider to be
whole mass of an object act at a point
 dA

Area moment of Inertia

Y
y axis
X

x axis

Let consider dA is small area on the plane

We know that moment of area is = area multiplied by
Perpendicular distance to axis of reference
i.e. - area moment = XdA
Then moment of moment or second moment
is = X2dA with respect to x axis
= Y2dA with respect to y axis
 centroid
Area moment of Inertia
C.G
The area moment about a point is
Y
the product of the plane area and y axis
X
the normal distance of the point
from the reference line area. If this
is multiplied by the perpendicular
distance is called second moment x axis
of area Let consider dA is small area on the plane

 
Ixx = Moment of Inertia about x axis Ixx = dA

 
Iyy = Moment of Inertia about y axis Iyy = dA
Radius of gyration A
A= total area of
lamina concentrated
at this point

Radius of gyration = K

I = moment of inertia axis

I = Ak2

I
K= A
Parallel axis Theorem Plane X axis

Moment Inertia about X X

centroid
centroid
h

A B
Area of plane

Moment of Inertia about AB axis IAB = IXX + Ah2

Moment of Inertia about AB axis IAB = moment of Inertia
about centroid + area Multiplied by square

of distance between
centroid and
 Regular rectangle

O
h
h/2

b/2
b
O Centroid of
rectangle is known to
us by looking at
component
 Regular circle

O O = centroid of
circle is known to
us by looking at the
component

Radius = r

Diameter = D = 2r
 Non Regular component of hole on a rectangle
A hole on a rectangle
whose diameter = 10mm

160mm

120mm
Centroid of the component to be calculated

80mm

100mm
 Y axis Y axis 10mm

160mm
160mm

Y2=120mm

Y1=80mm

0,0 X axis 0,0 X axis

80mm X2=80mm
X1=50mm
100mm
100mm
A1= 100X160=16000 mm 2 A2= π r2 = π102 = 314 mm2

Non regular component regular component of rectangle regular component of circle

 Area X cordinate Y cordinate
A1= 100X160=16000 mm2 X1=50mm Y1=80mm

A2= π r2 = π102 = 314 mm2 X2=80mm Y2=120mm

A1X1 - A2X2 16000X50 - 314X80 800000 - 25120

X X= = = = 49.3mm
A1 - A2 16000 - 314 15686
Y

A1Y1 - A2Y2 16000X80 - 314X120 1280000 - 37680

= = =79.2mm
Y=
16000 - 314 15686
A1 - A2

X = 49.3mm

= 79.2mm
Y
 Pl note that shift of centroid

80mm 79.2
mm

50 mm 49.3mm

Centroid of rectangle before making hole Centroid of rectangle after making hole
 For triangle note the
centroid
h

b/3
h/3

For triangle note centroid distance

 centroid
Radius = r

4r/3π

Radius = r Radius = r

For semicircle note centroid distance